Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented vegetable food known to contain various bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of a fermented cabbage Kimchi extract (FCK extract) against avian influenza virus (AIV, H9N2) using chicken embryonic eggs and a murine model. The FCK extract markedly inhibited AIV replication in chicken embryos and significantly reduced viral hemagglutinin titers. In addition, FCK extract suppressed viral neuraminidase activity, an essential enzyme involved in the release of newly formed virus particles. To evaluate its protective efficacy in vivo, the FCK extract was orally administered to 6-week-old BALB/c mice once daily for 15 days, and mice were intranasally challenged with AIV two days after the initiation of administration. Mice treated with the FCK extract exhibited significantly improved survival rates and attenuated clinical symptoms compared with the virus control group and the non-fermented cabbage Kimchi (N-FCK) extract group. Histopathological analysis revealed that lung tissue damage was markedly reduced in the FCK extract -treated mice relative to the control group. These findings suggest that oral administration of fermented cabbage Kimchi extract confers protective effects against AIV infection and that fermentation-derived antiviral components in FCK extract may contribute to this activity.

ABSTRACT
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Virus and embryonic eggs
    2. Preparation of cabbage Kimchi
    3. Extraction of cabbage Kimchi and raw materials
    4. Anti-influenza activity of the extracts in a chickenembryo model
    5. HA assay
    6. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay
    7. Animals and experimental protocols
    8. Statistical analysis
Ⅲ. RESULTS
    1. Analysis of anti-influenza activity
    2. Inhibitory effects of FCK extract on the viral NAactivity
    3. Survival rate, clinical signs and gross pathologicalobservation
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ⅵ. REFERENCES

• 이미진(원광대학교 동물보건학과 교수) | Mi-Jin Lee (Professor, Department of Veterinary Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54651, Korea)
• 조호성(전북대학교 수의학과 교수) | Ho-Seong Cho (Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea)
• 임승준(전북대학교 수의과대학 조류질병연구소 학부생) | Seung Jun Lim (Student, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.)
• 김영진(전북대학교 수의과대학 조류질병연구소 연구원) | Young-Jin Kim (Researcher, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.)
• 차세연(전북대학교 수의과대학 조류질병연구소 교수) | Se-Yeoun Cha (Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.) Corresponding author