Purpose – This paper examines whether fiscal and monetary expansion would affect output in Australia. Research design, data, and methodology – An extended IS-LM model which describes the equilibrium in the goods market and the money market is applied. The real effective exchange rate and the real stock price are included in order to determine whether there may be any substitution or wealth effect. The sample consists of Annual data ranging from 1990 to 2018. The GARCH process is used in empirical work to correct for potential autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Results – Expansionary fiscal policy reduces output; whereas, expansionary monetary policy raises output. In addition, real appreciation of the Australian dollar, a lower U.S. interest rate, a higher real stock price or a lower expected inflation would increase output. The finding that expansionary fiscal policy has a negative impact on real GDP suggests that the negative crowding-out effect on private spending dominates the positive impact. Conclusions – Fiscal prudence needs to be pursued. Real depreciation of the Australian dollar hurts output. Monetary tightening in the U.S. generates a negative effect on Australia’s output. A healthy stock market is conducive to economic growth as higher stock prices tend to result in the wealth and other positive effects, increasing consumption and business spending.

Purpose – The study aims to substantiate the approaches and principles of forming a model of social and labor relations adequate to the modern conditions of economic development. Research design, data, and methodology - The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of social and labor relations in the labor market of Kazakhstan; describes the current model of labor relations and its basic parameters; determines the external and internal factors; specifically, the influence of the new labor law on its further development in the direction of democratization and the establishment of social partnership as a regulatory institution in the labor relations field. Result - Result is the model of the system of social and labor relations proposed by the author, which allows us to cover the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon, to unite the influence of the external environment and the internal complex of their mutual relations and interdependencies. Conclusion - The creation of an effective model of social and labor relations should proceed from the multifaceted nature of their manifestation. This means that the theoretical and methodological basis for their formation should be a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of transformation and interaction of social and economic components.

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the effect of brand image and trust of a home meal replacement (HMR) industry on customer satisfaction and repurchase during online shopping. Research design, data, and methodology – With 217 questionnaires, this study was conducted by AMOS 20.0, and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) as statistical method was used for examining the hypotheses in this study. Factors such as brand image and brand trust in customer shopping for HMR products online were tested, and relationships between satisfaction and repurchase were studied. Results – Brand image and brand trust in terms of online shopping for HMR were found to affect satisfaction significantly; in addition, the path where satisfaction leads to repurchase was found to be significant. However, brand image and brand trust for HMR in online shopping differed depending on customer age groups. The path-coefficients from brand image of HMR in online shopping to satisfaction were more significant in the older age group; meanwhile, the path-coefficient from brand trust to satisfaction was significant in the younger age group. Conclusions – Results of the study suggested the importance of the attributes for buying HMR products online and provided meaningful implications of difference between age groups when they choose the products.

Purpose - The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness in educational differences between students of the government's financialfunded groups and the non-financial-funded groups at a university in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was conducted using a survey tool of National Assessment for Student Engagement in Learning. In total, 334 participants were surveyed, of which 290 students were participants in economic support program and 44 were nonattendance program students. The general characteristics of all of the participants were investigated by frequency analysis. The analysis of participants’ collective characteristics used independent t and f-test, and one-way ANOVA with IBM SPSS Statistics package program 22.0. Results - The number of participating students is higher than that of non-participating students in relation to in-activities of university immersion, but the number of participating students is lower than that of non-participating students in relation to in-quality of student support. However, there was no statistical significance. The confidence coefficient of the university-immersion and student support questionnaire is 0.860 and 0.913, respectively. Conclusions - There is no significant difference in the activities of university immersion and student support between students who participate in the economic support program and those who do not.