Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes cinnamyl aldehydes into cinnamyl alcohols, the final step in lignin biosynthesis. In this studied the purification, identification and characterization of a new cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene isolated from Citrus platymamma hort. Ex Tanaka. We expressed CAD potential gene in E.coli and then characterized its features in variety of specificity aldehydes substrates. The recombinant CAD protein was shown highest efficiently catalytic toward cinnamyl and coniferyl aldehydes and the shown lowest efficiently catalytic toward sinapyl aldehydes. We used a new improved analytical HPLC method in CAD enzymatic assay for fast and accurately measurement in various aldehydes substrates. In conclusion, our studies indicated the enzymatic activity of cDNA cloned CAD protein from Citrus platymamma hort. Ex Tanaka.

Miraculin can modify a sour taste into a sweet taste and is an alternative to traditional sweeteners. Mirculin gene was introduced into the Miyagawa Wase Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) callus by Agrobacterum-mediated transformation to produce citrus transgenic plant. Transgenic plant candidates were selected via hygromycin resistance. Transformation was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction, Southern blotting, and Western blot analysis. Expression of this gene in transgenic citrus resulted in the accumulation of miraculin protein in the leaves. Multiple Shoots of transgenic citrus planets were micrografted onto trifoliate rootstocks in the sterile soil. Plants were established in the greenhouse 2 years after planting.

Somatic embryogenic calli were obtained from different native citrus species in Jeju island, South Korea. Undeveloped ovules were cultured on 5 different media, respectively; MSI (MS, modified, with the addition of malt extract 500 mg･L-1 and sucrose 50 g･L-1 and agar 2 g･L-1), MSII (MS, modified, with the addition of malt extract 500 mg･L-1 , kinetin 1 mg･L-1 and sucrose 50 g･L-1 and agar 2 g･L-1), MSIII (MS, modified, with the addition of malt extract 500 mg･L-1, 6-benzyladenine, 3 mg･L-1 and sucrose 50 g･L-1 and agar 2 g･L-1), EME-S (MT, modified, with the addition of malt extract 500 mg･L-1 and sucrose 50 g･L-1 and agar 2 g･L-1), 1/2 EME-S (half concentration of MT marcronutrients, half concentratrion of BH3 marcronutrients, malt extract 500 mg･L-1, glutamine 1.55 g･L-1 and sucrose 50 g･L-1 and agar 2 g･ L-1). Embryogenic calli were induced in the surface of undeveloped ovules in different manners, depending on citrus species and culture conditions. Somatic embryos developed into plantlets with a high frequency. Citrus embryogenic calli can be applied widely to somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, and in vitro germplasm conservation

The perturbation of the steady state of reactive oxygen species due to biotic and abiotic stresses in a plant could lead to protein denaturation through the modification of amino acid residues, including the oxidation of methionine residues. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to the methionine residue. To assess the role of this enzyme, we generated transgenic rice using a pepper CaMSRB2 gene under the control of the rice Rab21 promoter with/without a selection marker, the bar gene. A drought resistance test on transgenic plants showed that CaMSRB2 confers drought tolerance to rice, as evidenced by less oxidative stress symptoms and a strengthened PSII quantum yield under stress conditions, and increased survival rate and chlorophyll index after the re-watering. The results from immunoblotting using a methionine sulfoxide antibody and nano-LC-MS/MS spectrometry suggest that porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), which is involved in chlorophyll synthesis, is a putative target of CaMSRB2. The oxidized methionine content of PBGD expressed in E. coli increased in the presence of H2O2, and the Met-95 and Met-227 residues of PBGD were reduced by CaMSRB2 in the presence of dithiothreitol. An expression profiling analysis of the overexpression lines also suggested that photosystems are less severely affected by drought stress. Our results indicate that CaMSRB2 might play an important functional role in chloroplasts for conferring drought stress tolerance in rice

Spatial- and temporal-specific expression patterns are primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by the promoter. Therefore, it is important to determine the binding motifs of transcription factors to understand the networks associated with embryogenesis. Here, we used a protein-binding microarray (PBM) to determine the binding motif of OsSMF1, which is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of rice seed maturation. OsSMF1 (previously called RISBZ1) is known to interact with GCN4 motifs (TGA(G/C)TCA) to regulate seed storage proteins (SSPs). In addition, OsSMF1 (also known as OsbZIP58) functions as a key regulator of starch synthesis in the rice seed. Quadruple 9-mer-based PBM (Q9-PBM) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments revealed that OsSMF1 binds to the ACGT (CCACGT(C/G)), GCN4 (TGA(G/C)TCA), and GCN4-like (GGATGAC) motifs with Kd values of 0.3353 μM, 0.6458 μM, and 1.117 μM, respectively. We also identified 60 putative OsSMF1 target genes using a combination of data from expression microarrays and RiceArrayNet (RAN) analysis. Of these OsSMF1 target genes, 20, 22, and 17 genes contained ACGT, GCN4, and GCN4-like motifs within the 2-kb promoter region, respectively. In addition to known target genes, we also identified 35 potential OsSMF1 target genes that have not been previously described in immature seeds. We also confirmed that OsSMF1 directly regulates Os03g0168500 (thioredoxin-related protein), RPBF, NAC6, and two hypothetical proteins (Os12g0621600 and Os11g0582400) in vivo. This study suggests that OsSMF1 functions in a wide range of seed development processes with specific binding affinities for three DNA binding motifs

Rice is a staple food for over one-half of the world population, especially in Asian countries. Recently, the growth and yield of crop plants was affected by various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, and high temperature due to change of climate environment. To study molecular functions of Oryza sativa nuclear-targeted RING Finger Proteins (OsNRFPs) in response to abiotic stresses, we selected 44 OsNRFPs genes, whose subcelluar localizations are predicted to the nucluear, on the basis of expression patterns of a microarray dataset. A total of 44 OsNRFPs were grouped into two types such as RING-HC and RING-H2 via phylogeneitc analysis of their RING domains structures. Subsequently, we surveyed the expression patterns of 44 genes in response to salt stress via qRT-PCR in roots. We found 10 salt stress-induced OsNRFPs and then examined their subcellular localizations. These genes were clearly localized to the nucleus (OsNRFPHC-10), cytoplasm (OsNRFPHC-17 and OsNRFPH2-16) and microtuble (OsNRFPHC-23, OsNRFPH2-17 and OsNRFPH2-05), respectively. These results might provide a key clue for understanding moleuclar functions of the OsNRFP genes associated with salt stress-related signaling pathway

This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to grain qualities under high temperature during ripening stage using 187 Korean rice varieties. To analyze grain qualities under high temperature during ripening stage, grain appearance such as head rice and chalky grains percentage and physicochemical characteristics were investigated and SNP genotyping of 187 Korean varieties was conducted for association analysis related with grain qualities under high temperature. Five traits exhibited continuous distributions in the non-glutinous Korean varieties, indicating that these traits are controlled by multiple genes. Association mapping among non-glutinous Korean varieties was conducted using 223 markers showed polymorphism among 384 SNP markers. Six QTLs for chalk grains percentage were mapped to chromosomes 1, 4, 10 and 11. These six QTLs were linked to the SNP marker id1014176 on chromosome 1, id4010924 on chromosome 4, id10000644 on chromosome 10 and id11011505 on chromosome 11, and explained approximately 21, 61, 50, 23, 23 and 21% of the total phenotypic variance. Four QTLs for head rice percentage in chromosomes 4, 10 explained the total phenotypic variance by over 47% and around 20%. Fifteen QTLs for RVA characteristics including hot paste viscosity, peak viscosity and setback viscosity were mapped to chromosome 1, 6, 7, 12 and QTLs were explained around 20% of the total phenotypic variance.

Sound and communication through it have significantly contributed to study the ecology, evolution, behavior in animal. Plants may also use sound, but until now, we have been unable to effectively research what the ecological, evolutionary and molecular implications might be in plant. So, we wonder what genes are regulated under sound wave conditions. In particular, our research was centered to increase functional materials including vitamins and anthocyanin in plants. First, we investigated up- and down-regulated genes under sound wave treatments (250, 500, 800, 1000 and 1500Hz) by RNA-seq in Arabidopsis thaliana. In these results, we selected genes of over 8-fold increase and below 8-fold decrease and especially, focus on vitamin and anthocyanin-related genes in RNA-seq level. Second, we confirmed that these up- and down-regulated genes under sound wave treatments by qRT-PCR. Finally, we selected 13 interesting genes. To confirm these results, now, we are performing promoter assay by using promoter-GUS in plant and by using promoter-luciferase in protoplast. After then, we will find to interacting partners of these genes in sound wave signal. Our final goal is understand signaling network under sound wave treatment condition in plant. We hope that if we do find results that suggest that sound wave have a beneficial effect on crop yield and quality, acoustic biology can then have some viable application in agriculture. This could bring new discoveries into development of farming methods.

Plant senescence is a final process of growth and a survival strategy to use limited nutrients efficiently during development and adaptation. Tree, however, runs senescence annually for winter dormancy. Therefore understanding senescence procedure and mechanism is striking issue for tree breeding and wood productivity. In this study, we isolated a SENESCENCE 1 (PagSEN1) gene from Populus alba ⨯ P. glandulosa and determined its expressional characteristics under various conditions. The PagSEN1 encodes a putative 243 amino acid protein containing a rhodanese domain. Southern blot analysis suggested that two copies of the PagSEN1 gene are present in the poplar genome. The PagSEN1 is expressed most strongly in mature leaves but most weakly in roots. The gene is significantly up-regulated by treatment with mannitol, NaCl, ABA and JA, but not by cold, SA and GA3. These results indicate that the PagSEN1 is involved in senescence response induced by natural aging and environmental stresses. This research will provide valuable information for senescence study. To clarify SEN1 gene in poplar, we will make PagSEN1 over-expressed poplar to understand senescence procedure in detail.

It is well known that Dharial (Bangladesh origin and weedy rice line) has longer seed longevity than indica and japonica rice varieties. To study the genetic basis of seed longevity of Dharial, we developed 240 BC3F7 backcross recombinant inbred lines derived from the crosses between Dharial (a donor parent) and two korea rice accessions (recurrent parents) including Ilmi and Gopum, respectively. Among these lines, we selected two introgression lines with longer seed longevity and named them Ilmi-NIL and Gopum-NIL. Also, we developed an EMS-induced mutant line from Dharial which has shortened seed longevity, and named it Dharial-EMS. We performed re-sequencing of four rice accessions that are Dharial, Dharial-EMS, Ilmi-NIL, and Gopum-NIL. A total of 706×106 raw reads were generated which provided sequence data over 46x rice genome coverage per each accession. We did genome-wide variation analysis comparing produced re-sequencing data and the re-sequencing data of Ilmi from NABIC database with the Nipponbare reference sequence. By graphical analysis of SNP distribution in rice genome of the five accessions, we could select candidate chromosomal segments introgressed from Dharial in Ilmi-NIL and Gopum-NIL. The introgressed chromosomal segments were in seven regions in Ilmi-NIL and eight regions in Gopum-NIL, and four common introgressed regions between Ilmi-NIL and Gopum-NIL were identified. 2,758 SNPs between Dharial and Dharial-EMS were found in the introgressed regions. Also, we detected 450 genes including at least one SNP among these SNPs. This result will facilitate identification of genes and development of molecular markers for improvement of seed longevity.

The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is being used for more effective genetic mapping and genome analysis. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing on the genomic DNA of Milyang23 and Gihobyeo using NGS and developed new cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding sequence between these varieties. Approximately, sequences of 60x coverage of the Nipponbare reference genome on average were obtained following Illumina sequencing. Totally, 1,726,798 SNPs between Milyang23 and Gihobyeo were detected. Among them, 149 SNP were selected for CAPS markers and located on genetic map with previously reported 219 PCR-based DNA markers. This map was applied to the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stem internode diameters, culm length and panicle length in rice with MGRIL population. Newly 6 QTLs were detected for culm length (CL) and stem diameter (ID) traits including the first internode diameter (I1D), third internode diameter (I3D), and fourth internode diameter (I4D). Among those QTLs, qI1D5 and qCL5 had relatively higher LOD score and explained 8.99% and 4.24% of total variation. This study showed that the NGS allowed the rapid discovery of a large number of SNPs for CAPS marker. Only very small portion of SNPs through re-sequencing were used in this study. Furthermore, the results of QTL analysis described above shows relevance of molecular markers in mapping genes for useful traits.

The fruit shape is an important character in tomato. OVATE is one of genes controlling fruit elongation in tomato. Two loci suppress the ovate mutation, sov1 and sov2, on chromosome 10 and chromosome 11 respectively. sov1 appears to control neck constriction in the fruits (Rodriguez et al, 2013). We sequenced the genomes of Gold Ball Livingston and Yellow Pear using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 generating 101 PE reads and developed molecular markers tightly linked to sov1. The locus was confirmed by fruit shape index analysis, marker genotyping and progeny testing of recombinants. We find mapped sov1 to a 145 kb interval corresponding to a region comprising two candidate genes. One of the candidate genes for sov1 is SlOFP20 another member of the Ovate Family Protein class. Although there is no difference expression of SlOFP20 in the parents at anthesis, when the gene is expressed very high, the mutation appears to be a 34 kb promoter deletion of SlOFP20 in Yellow Pear, conferring a pear shaped and neck-constricted fruit.

This study was performed to analyze genetic relationship of the four major Cucurbitaceae crop. We used 120 Expressed Sequence Tag(EST)-Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) primer sets of developed from watermelon and published in International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI) database. Among 120 EST-SSR primer, 51(49.17%) EST-SSR primer set successfully amplified and 49(40.8%) EST-SSR primer set showed polymorphisms among eight cultivars of Cucurbitaceae. In the first instance, amplified PCR products analysis was conducted by the agarose-gel electrophoresis then further analyzed by using Fragment Analyzer. A total 382 PCR band were producted by 49 EST-SSR primers in 24 plant panels, used the analysis of pairwise similarity and dendrogram construction. Assessment of the genetic relationships resulted in similarity index with range of 0.0103 to 0.8452. In dendrogram, 24 plant panels were formed three major groups (A, B, C) and 7 subgroups (A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, B-3, C-1, C-2). Major group A was comprised of 2 subgroups, subgroup A-1 (6 watermelon cultivars, Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris Schrad.) and subgroup A-2 (3 wild type watermelon, Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Mats. & Nakai). Major group B was comprised of 3 subgroups, subgroup B-1 (4 melon cultivars, Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.), subgroup B-2 (2 oriental melon cultivars, Cucumis melo var. conomon Makino.) and subgroup B-3 (5 cucumber cultivars, Cucumis sativus L.). Major group C was comprised of 2 subgroups, subgroup C-1 [2 squash/ pumpkin cultivars, Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.)/Duch. & Poir. and Cucurbita maxima Duch.] and subgroup C-2(2 squash/pumpkin cultivars, Cucurbita pepo L./Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche.)

Genome sequencing researches for considerable numbers of crops and wild plants are being developed. Cytogenetic researches according to chromosome number and size are essential to confirm and comprehend ploidy level and genome size before genome sequencing project is actually conducted. Cytogenetic researches on six food crop plants were carried out by DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench showed 2n=2x=16, each chromosome length of 1.42㎛ to 1.77㎛, total chromosome length of 13.31㎛, and karyotypic formula of 2n=8m; Phaseolus angularis W.F. Wight, 2n=2x=22, 2.01㎛ to 3.84㎛, total 28.03㎛, 2n=9m+2sm, Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara, 2n=2x=40, 1.73㎛ to 2.76㎛, total 44.36㎛, 2n=5m+13sm+2st. Chromosome sizes of the other three species such as, Panicum miliaceum L., 2n=2x=36, total chromosome length of 30.83㎛, Sesamum indicum L., 2n=2x=26, 27.39㎛, lpomoea batatas L., 2n=2x=30, total 33.51㎛ were too small for each chromosome type to be identified and analyzed. The result of FISH analysis using 5S and 45S rDNA probe showed species-specific chromosome locations in the genome. These preliminary analyses were carried out to decide which food crop to prioritize for genome sequencing. This work was supported by the “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (No.PJ009837), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

xBrassicoraphanus, a new synthetic intergeneric hybrid between Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus L., also locally known as ‘Baemoochae’, is an interesting subject for studying polyploidy and genome plasticity in the family Brassicaceae, but very few genomic and cytogenetic information. Here, we analysed the chromosome complements and pairing of the most fertile lines, BB1 and BB5, using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) to check their chromosomal segregation stability. The somatic chromosome complement of B. rapa was confirmed to be 2n=20 (2.8~4.8μm), of R.sativus, 2n=18 (2.0~3.3μm), and of xBrassicoraphanus, 2n=38 (2.2~5.0μm). There were eight, eight, and seventeen metacentric pairs and two, one, and two submetacentric pairs in B. rapa, R. sativus, and xBrassicoraphanus, respectively. Additionally, three, two, and five pairs of 5S rDNA and five, three, and eight pairs of 45S rDNA were observed in B. rapa, R. sativus, and xBrassicoraphanus, respectively. This suggests that both B. rapa (AA) and R. sativus (RR) genomes, particularly the rDNA arrays, co-exist in xBrassicoraphanus (AARR) genome. In meiosis I, nineteen bivalents were most frequent, and GISH analysis showed ten bivalents from the A genome. This study would provide a useful information for further genomic study of xBrassicoraphanus and its improvement as a new promising breeding variety.

There is a growing number of plant genomes that are being sequenced, but most of these available assemblies do not cover the entire genome mainly due to the highly repetitive sequences found in most plant genomes. Nevertheless, these repeats, although a challenge in assembly algorithms, provide relevant information about a genome’s history that could help explain its structure and complexity. Here, we cytogenetically mapped previously and presently characterized major repeats of Panax ginseng genome, including several LTR retrotransposons (PgDel2, PgDel3, PgTat1, PgTat2, PgTork) and one tandem repeat, PgTR Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results showed differential accumulation of Ty3/gypsy LTR retrotransposons into different chromosomal regions or subgenomes, suggesting a non-random preferential amplification of retrotransposons in these regions and an allopolyploid origin of P. ginseng. In silico analysis based on 1x whole genome sequence reads suggests that PgTR is the most abundant tandem repeat in ginseng, which was further corroborated by FISH analysis. More importantly, its unique distribution pattern among the 24 ginseng chromosomes, coupled with the non-random distribution of LTR retrotransposons and rDNA arrays, allowed us to discriminate and characterize each individual ginseng chromosome. These different newly characterized cytogenetic markers allowed reorganization of previously reported ginseng karyotype with better resolution, demonstrating the irutility in ginseng chromosome identification. These information give us insight about the genomic structure of P. ginseng, and should be useful for future comparative cytogenetics studies among closely related species to unravel its genomic history. This work was supported by the Next-Generation BioGreen21 Program (No. PJ008202), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introducing SMV-CP and HC-Pro gene by RNA interference (RNAi) method via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were infected with SMV strain G5 and investigated the viral response. As a result, two lines (3 and 4) of SMV-CP(RNAi) transgenic plants and three lines (2, 5 and 6) of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants showed viral resistance. In genomic Southern blot analysis, most of lines contained at least one T-DNA insertion in both SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. Subsequent investigation confirmed that no viral CP and HC-Pro gene expression was detected in two SMV-resistant lines of SMV-CP(RNAi) and three lines of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, respectively. On the other hand, non-transgenic plants and other lines showed viral RNA expression. Viral symptoms affected seed morphology, and clean seeds were harvested from SMV-resistant line of SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. In addition, strong viral gene expression was detected from seeds of SMV-susceptible non-transgenic plants and SMV-susceptible transgenic lines. When compared the viral resistance between SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, soybean transgenic plants with the HC-Pro gene using RNAi strategy showed much stronger and higher frequency of viral resistance.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. BR-induced AtBEE3 (brassinosteroid enhanced expression 3) is required for a proper BR response in Arabidopsis. Here, we identified a poplar (Populus alba x P. glandulosa) BEE3 homolog encoding a putative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factor through microarray analysis. Transcripts of PagBEE3 were mainly detected in stems, with the internode having a low level of the transcripts and the node having a relatively higher level. The function of the PagBEE3 gene was investigated through the phenotypic analyses with PagBEE3-overexpressing (ox) transgenic lines. This work mainly focused on a potential role of PagBEE3 in stem growth and development of polar. The PagBEE3-ox poplar showed thicker and longer stems than wild-type plants. The xylem cells from the stems of PagBEE3-ox plants revealed remarkably enhanced proliferation, resulting in an earlier thickening growth than wild-type plants. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of many genes involved in xylem cell proliferation and development was altered in the PagBEE3-ox plants. Therefore, this work suggests that xylem development of poplar is accelerated in PagBEE3-ox plants and PagBEE3 plays a role in the stem growth by increasing the proliferation of xylem cells to promote the initial thickening growth of poplar stems.

Flavonoids including anthocyanins provide flower and leaf colors and other derivatives that play diverse roles in plant development and interactions with the environment and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is part of an important step in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins. This study characterized 12 DFR genes of Brassica rapa and investigated their association with anthocyanin coloration, cold and freezing tolerance in several genotypes of B. rapa. Sequences of these genes were analyzed and compared with DFR gene sequences from other species and a high degree of homology was found. Constitutive expression of them in several pigmented and non-pigmented lines of B. rapa showed a correlation with anthocyanin accumulation only for BrDFR8 and 9. Conversely, BrDFR genes also showed responses to cold and freezing stress treatment in B. rapa. BrDFRs were also shown to be regulated by two transcription factors, BrMYB2-2 and BrTT8, contrasting with anthocyanin accumulation and cold and freezing stress. Thus, the above results suggest the association of these genes with anthocyanin biosynthesis and cold and freezing stress tolerance and might be useful resources for development cold and/or freezing resistant Brassica crops with desirable colors as well. The findings presented here may also help explore the molecular mechanism that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and its response to abiotic stress at the transcriptional level in plants.

Shaggy-like kinases (SKs), also known as Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins, play many important roles in cellular signaling in animals, fungi and amoebae. In particular, SKs participate in key developmental signaling pathways and also regulate the cytoskeleton. SKs -encoding genes are also present in all land plants and in algae, raising questions about possible ancestral functions in eukaryotes. Unlike in animals and Dictyostelium, land plant SKs are encoded by relatively large multi-gene families whose members share high sequence similarity. Along with the studied 10 ASKs (Arabidopsis shaggy-like kinases) indicate that plant SK proteins are actively implicated in hormonal signalling networks during development as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, 18 BrSKs are identified from Chinese cabbage, and they are classified into four groups according to the classification of Arabidopsis. The characterization, classification, gene structure and phylogenetic construction of BrSK proteins are performed. Distribution mapping shows that BrSKs are absented in A02 and A10 chromosome. 8 orthologous gene pairs are shared by Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of BrSK genes exhibit differences in five tissues based on RNA-seq data in public data base. Specially, BrSKβ-1 and BrSKβ-2 show floral buds specifically expressed, which indicate that BrSKβ may play a key role during flower or pollen development. We deomonatrated that suppresion of Arabdiopsis orthology of BrSKβ impaired the late pollen in Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, our analyses provided insights into the characterization of the BrSK genes in Chinese cabbage, providing foundation of further functional studies of those genes. [This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (the Next-Generation Genomics Center No. PJ008118), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea]