목적 : 조절력이 충분한 20대 성인이 단일 및 다중 전면 비구면 기능성 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 시각의 질 및 조절 기능의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 13명(21.38±0.65세)의 대상자들을 두 종류의 콘택트렌즈를 각각 착용 후 시력, 대비감도, 스트레이라 이트, 총 고위수차, 구면수차, 코마수차, 조절반응, 양안조절용이성, 조절근점을 평가하였다. 결과 : 시력, 대비감도, 스트레이라이트, 총 고위수차, 구면수차, 양안조절용이성은 유의한 차이가 없었고 코마수차 는 4, 5 mm 동공크기에서 다중 전면 비구면 기능성 콘택트렌즈를 착용 시 경미하게 증가하였다(p=0.037). 조절반 응(p=0.006)과 조절근점(p=0.005)은 다중 전면 비구면 기능성 콘택트렌즈를 착용 시 유의하게 더 감소하고 짧아졌다. 결론 : 다중 전면 비구면 기능성 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 단일 전면 비구면 콘택트렌즈 착용 시와 비교하여 시각의 질 은 차이가 없었지만 조절부담을 감소시켜주는 효과가 있으므로 젊은 성인의 기능성 렌즈로서 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

목적 : 본 연구는 프리즘이 적용된 안경이 편측공간무시를 가진 뇌졸중 환자의 편측무시 감소에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 확인하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 2019년 5월부터 2020년 2월까지 서울에 위치한 M병원에서 실시하였으며, 뇌졸중 환자 중 연구 선정 기준에 부합되는 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들에게는 10 △과 15 △ 프리즘 안경을 적용하였 으며, 편측공간무시는 알버트 검사, 별지우기 검사, ‘ㄹ’지우기 검사를 통해 측정하였다. 결과 : 대상자가 10 △과 15 △이 적용된 프리즘 안경을 착용하였을 때, 알버트 검사에서는 19.00±3.94점에서 15.70±5.68점과 11.60±6.17점으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.050). 별지우기 검사에서는 32.68±9.19점 에서 46.07±10.64점과 54.64±12.91점으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.050), ‘ㄹ’지우기 검사에서도 18.30±5.14점에서 23.50±7.58점과 27.0±5.76점으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.050). 프리즘이 적 용된 안경 착용하였을 때 모든 검사에서 편측공간무시가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 프리즘이 적용된 안경은 편측공간무시 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 편측공간무시가 있는 뇌졸중 환자에게 프리즘 안경을 적용하면 편측공간무시를 감소시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

목적 : 원거리에서 심한 복시 증상을 가지고 있는 눈벌림 부족형 내사시를 대상으로 성공적인 시기능훈련의 사 례를 보고하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구대상자는 만19세 여성으로 복시 증상으로 인해 일상적인 불편함까지 동반된 상태였다.처음 방문시 양안시검사를 실시한 결과 원거리에서 복시를 동반한 눈벌림 부족형 간헐내사시였다. 시기능훈련은 음성융합버전스를 개선시키는 협응훈련과 초점조절훈련, 안구운동성훈련 등을 중심으로 시행하였다. 시기능 평가로는 굴절검사를 포함하여 프리즘 가림검사, 융합능력, 버전스용이성, 눈모음근점, Bagolini striated glasses test, W4D 그리 고 입체시 검사 등을 포함하였다. 결과 : 시기능훈련 전에 원거리 편위량은 내사시 16 △에서 9개월 후 내사위 3 △으로 향상되었다. 근거리 편위 량도 시기능훈련 후에 내사시 7 △에서 내사위 1 △으로 변화가 있었다. 융합능력은 원거리 BI X/4/1에서 훈련 후 에 BI X/4/3로, 근거리는 훈련 전 BI X/8/2에서 훈련 후 BI X/16/14로 모두 변화가 있었다. Bagolini test에서 시기능훈련 전에 나타났던 동측성 복시는 훈련 후 모든 거리에서 단일시로 개선되었다. 처음 방문 시 심하게 호소했 던 원거리에서의 복시 증상은 9개월간의 훈련과정에서 점차 개선되어 안정적인 양안 단일시 상태를 나타내었다. 결론 : 원거리에서 심한 복시 증상을 호소한 눈벌림 부족형 내사시에서 9개월간의 시기능훈련 후에 양안시기능 과 시각적 증상은 모두 효과적으로 개선되었다.

Amniotic membrane stem cells are considered as a good alternative to embryonic stem cells, but their use in clinical studies is still not common. Here, exosomes from canine amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (cAmMSCexo) were used for dog sperm cryopreservation. Upon cryopreserved straws using cryoprotectant containing 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 μg/mL of cAmMSC-exo were thawed, motility and membrane integrity were analyzed. However, results showed no significant differences between the groups. We concluded that cAmMSC-exo with lower than 2 µg/mL have no effects on sperm cryopreservation, and further studies to get higher concentrations of cAmMSC-exo should be conducted for clinical application.

목적 : 국내에서 유통되고 있는 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈의 광투과율을 측정하여 가시광선 및 자외선 차단 기준 규격에 부합하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 자외선 차단 표시가 있는 콘택트렌즈를 포함한 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈 14종을 임의로 선정하였다. 실험 렌즈의 광투과율 측정범위는 가시광선, UV-A 및 UV-B로 하였다. 가시광선은 ANSI Z80.20:2004를 참고하였고, 자외선은 ISO 와 FDA 기준을 참고하여 비교하였다. 자외선 차단 표시가 있는 렌즈의 경우 기준에 따라 Class 1, Class 2로 분류하였다. 결과 : 실험렌즈 14종의 가시광선 광투과율 측정결과 투명 콘택트렌즈 7종 중 4종의 렌즈는 88% 이하로 나타났 으나, 범위에 크게 벗어나지 않았다. 그리고 컬러 콘택트렌즈는 7종 모두 70% 이상으로 나타나 기준규격에 부합하 였다. 자외선 투과율 측정결과 자외선 차단 표시가 있는 콘택트렌즈 10종 중 3종(UD-4, 5, 6)은 UV-A에서 86.67~ 88.59%, UV-B에서 82.41~83.72%로 나타났다. 이 렌즈들의 자외선 광투과율 값은 ISO 및 FDA 기준규격에 부 합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 국내 유통되고 있는 자외선 차단 콘택트렌즈 중 ISO 및 FDA 기준규격에 부합하지 않은 제품이 존재하 는 것으로 나타났으며, 모두 국내제품인 것으로 나타났다.

목적 : 국내 소아 및 청소년의 근시 진행 억제에 대한 효과를 축적한 연구물을 종합하여 확인하고 비교 분석하 여 근시 진행 억제를 위한 임상적 의미를 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국내 소아 및 청소년을 대상으로 근시 진행 억제를 위해 ‘아트로핀(atropine)’, ‘각막굴절교정렌즈(orthokeratology lens)’, ‘근시억제렌즈(myopia control lens)’를 수행한 연구를 수집하였다. 체계적으로 메타분석을 실시하기 위해 PICO 기준으로 검색하여 최종 11편을 선정하였다. RoBANS 도구를 사용하여 질 평가를 하였으며 개별 연구들의 효과크기를 산출하고 효과크기 차이를 검증하기 위해 메타ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결과 : 근시 진행 억제에 대한 메타분석을 실시한 결과 전체 효과 크기는 –0.41 D으로 나타났다. 근시 진행 억 제에 대한 하위 분석 효과 크기 결과 ‘각막굴절교정렌즈’ -0.50 D, ‘근시억제렌즈’ -0.37 D으로 유의한 차이를 보 여 근시 진행 억제를 확인할 수 있었으며, ‘아트로핀’ -0.32 D였으며 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근시 진행 억 제 방법에 대한 메타ANOVA 결과 방법들 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 근시 진행을 억제하기 위해 방법들 간에 큰 차이는 없지만 부작용이 없고 장기간 지속할 수 있는 방법을 선택해야 할 것이다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation to domestically-cultivated Italian ryegrass (IRG) on silage fermentation and in vitro ruminal fermentation. There were six treatments based on the LAB inoculants: 1) no addition of LAB (negative control: NC), additions of 2) commercially-available LAB (positive control: PC), 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), 4) L. paracasei (LPA), 5) L. acidophilus (LA), and 6) L. pentosus (LPT). All treatments were inoculated at a concentration of 106 CFU/g and ensiled for 3, 7, 21, and 42 days in triplicate and analyzed for nutritive values when ensiling was terminated. Day 42 silage from all treatments were also examined for in vitro ruminal fermentation. After 42 days, LAB-inoculated silages had higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration compared to the NC. In terms of nutritive values, the silages treated with LPA, LA, and LPT showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein and lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared to the rest of the treatment. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability was not affected by LAB addition. However, LAB-treated IRG had shown higher (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared with that of the NC. LPA had shown the highest (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid concentration among the LAB examined. In conclusion, the addition of a single strain of LAB appeared to produce a quality IRG silage compared with the NC and the PC. Among the strains examined, LPA seemed to be superior to the others.

As the business environment is rapidly changing with globalization and complexity of information flows, the uncertainty is also very increased for project environment. Although many studies have been conducted to find out the critical factors for project success, there still exist different views to define project success. Furthermore, implementing success formula for one project does not necessarily guarantee a success for another project since there are other elements that impede the success of project. In this regards, it is imperative to examine what are the barriers to project success. This study aims to examine the barriers that impede the success of project. Past literature was thoroughly reviewed to collect and develop a preliminary list of elements that affected project performance negatively. Experts were interviewed to refine the list and the final list of the measurement items were developed. A survey questionnaire was developed with the final list of measurement items, and a survey was conducted on the practitioners with project experience. After the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the final list to extract the component dimensions which in turn formed the group of project barriers. The exploratory factor analysis provided ten factors, which are difficulty of process management, failure of project feasibility analysis, cost overruns and lack of cost benefits, unclarity project plan, strategic consistency error, stakeholder conflict, inaccuracy of requirement definition, disturbance of communication, technical environment change, negative attitude of top management.

본 연구는 여름철 장미의 수출 환경 조건에서 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis) 추출물(SC용액, 특허출원번호 10-2019-0109867)의 절화수명연장 효과를 확인하고 수입산 절화보존제의 대체 가능성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 건식 및 습식 수송 조건으로 구분하고, 습식 수송 조건은 절화보존제 처리 유무와 종류 에 대한 비교분석을 위해 물(tap water), Floralife 1%, SC용 액 300mg･L-1를 처리하였다. 그 결과, 절화수명 연장에는 습식수송 조건에서 절화보존제를 사용하는 것이 유리하였다. 특히 황금추출물 SC용액 처리구의 절화수명은 수돗물(7.7일)보다 1.7일 연장되었으며, 이러한 효과는 수입산 절화보존제인 Floralife의 효과와 유사하였다. 절화수명 종료 증상은 건식 수송 조건 경우 화색의 퇴화 증상이 상대적으로 많았으며, 습식 수송 조건의 경우 일반적인 장미 절화의 노화 증상인 꽃목굽 음과 꽃잎마름 증상이 전체의 60~70%를 차지하였다. 결론적으로 여름철 장미의 수출 환경에서 SC용액은 절화수명을 효 과적으로 연장시킬 수 있었으며, 그 효과는 기존 절화보존제인 floralife와 유사하여 친환경 대체 절화 보존제로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study examines the interactional dynamics revealed through teasing humor in the context of a startup business meeting. Using a quasi-conversation analytic approach to details of talk, as well as ethnographic information concerning the community of practice, this study aims to illuminate the construction of professional identities shown in members' participation in teasing humor. The dataset consists of three video-recorded weekly business meetings of a startup (210 minutes) and a supplementary interview and observation notes. The analyses show that, in this business context, the members' identities (e.g., the CEO, the co-founders versus non-co-founders) were revealed in the dynamics of participation in teasing humor. Teasing humor was also found to contribute to finding creative solutions to challenging issues under discussion. The non-co-founders, in particular, found opportunities to participate in the major business discourse through this teasing. By participating in the teasing segments, they were able to present themselves as legitimate members of the startup. The findings are discussed to highlight the sociolinguistic norms of a professional community in creating a constructive business culture.

Jeju has become an important hub for tourism and English education in Northeast Asia and the importance of English in Jeju cannot be overemphasized. This paper compares the psychological and cognitive approaches of SLA motivation and sociological approaches of investment. Language learning involves the complex identities of language learners. Poststructuralists are interested in how language learners’ positions might influence their investments and how their investments affect their identity formation. However, researchers in Jeju have not given enough attention to the identity changes and investment transformation during students’ English learning processes. Therefore, it is important to investigate English learners’ investment and identity formations in the various sociocultural contexts in Jeju.

한국 땅나리와 섬말나리의 수요는 최근까지도 늘어났지만 종자 상태에서 개화에 이르기까지 확률은 낮은 편으로 자생지에서의 개체수는 해마다 감소하였다. 본 연구는 땅나리(Lilium callosum Siebold & Zucc.)와 섬말나리(L. hansonii Leichtlin ex D.D.T. Moore)의 대량증식을 도모하기 위하여 종자 발아에 유리한 주·야간 온도 조건과 적합한 GA3 농도를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 땅나리 종자는 2017년 10월 24일 강원도 춘천히 둔산면 원창리(37°47’10.00”N, 127°44’31.00”E), 섬말나리 종자는 2017년 10월 2일 울릉도 울릉군 북면 나리 (37°31’27.06”N, 130°52’25.08”E)에서 채종하였다. 땅나리와 섬 말나리 종자들을 주·야간 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 20/20°C의 환경 조절상에서 처리구 당 30립씩 3반복으로 치상하여 온도 처리 실험을 진행한 후, 발아율 결과가 가장 우세했던 온도 조건의 환경조절상에서 섬말나리 GA3 처리 실험을 추가로 진행하였다. 온도 처리 실험결과 땅나리는 20/20°C의 온도 조건에서 발아율이 95.0%로 가장 높았으며 평균발아소요일수 또한 10.1일로 가장 낮았다. 섬말나리는 20/20°C의 온도 조건에서 발아율이 78.8%로 가장 높았으며 평균발아소요일수 또한 40.1일로 가장 낮았다. 이를 토대로 20/20°C에서 실시한 섬말나리 GA3 처리 실험은 증류수를 대조구로하여 200, 400, 800mg･L-1의 농도로 상온에서 24시간 침지한 후 처리구 당 20립씩 3반복으로 치상하였다. 그 결과 대조구에서 81.6%로 가장 높은 발아율을 나타냈으며 평균발아소요일수는 200mg･L-1처리구에서 37.1일로 가장 낮았다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 땅나리와 섬말나리의 주·야간 발아 최적 온도는 20/20°C이며 GA3 24 시간 처리는 섬말나리 종자 발아에 효과가 없는 것으로 판단 되었다.

The present study investigated effects of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on rumen fermentation with different rumen pH. Corn silage was treated without inoculant (CON) and with a mixed Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 (MIX). Rumen fluid was collected from two cannulated Hanwoo heifers before morning feeding (high rumen pH at 6.70) and 3 h after feeding (low rumen pH at 6.20). Dried corn silage was incubated in the rumen buffer (rumen fluid + anaerobic culture medium at 1:2 ratio) for 48 h at 39oC. Eight replications for each treatment were used along with two blanks. Both in a high and a low rumen pH, MIX silages presented higher (p<0.05) the immediately degradable fraction, the potentially degradable fraction, total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) than those of CON silages. Incubated corn silages in a low rumen pH presented lower (p<0.05) total degradable fraction, ammonia-N, total VFA (p=0.061), and other VFA profiles except acetate and propionate, than those in a high rumen pH. The present study concluded that application of antifungal and carboxylesterase inoculant on corn silage could improve degradation kinetics and fermentation indices in the rumen with high and low pH conditions.

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

As globalization has been progressed, companies faced a situation in which it was difficult to secure global competitiveness only with their internal management systems. To overcome this, Supply Chain Management (SCM) emerged, which optimizes the whole supply chain process from suppliers to demand companies. In this study, it was analyzed that the effects of customer integration among the integration factors of SCM, and market orientation among the strategic orientations on management performances such as non-financial performance and financial performance through a mediating role of flexibility. At this time, it was analyzed whether CEO's support has a moderating effect on the influence of the market orientation. As a result of analysis, the customer integration was found to have an indirect effect on the non-financial performance and the financial performance through the flexibility. The market orientation was found to have a direct effect on the non-financial performance and at the same time, indirectly affected it through the flexibility. In addition, it was shown that more the level of CEO's support, higher the influence of the market orientation. This moderating effect had an indirect effect on the financial performance. Based on the above findings, various implications for improving management performance were proposed. This study suggests that investments in computerization such as ERP and smart factories can improve supply chain management performance and ultimately improve customer satisfaction and financial performance.

The standardization of the veterinary terms carried out so that Japanese or Chinese terms established in the Japanese Emperor Era modified into Korean character (Hangeul). The standardization of the terminology has been performed in veterinary medicine as well as various fields of study such as medicine, food sciences, biology, chemistry etc. The most appropriate terms were selected according to ‘the principle of establishment on veterinary medical terminology’ following a comparison between veterinary medical and medical terminology, and references with various dictionaries and specialty publications. Thereafter, the opinions of various organizations and academies on the selected terms were converged through the public hearing. The standardization of the veterinary terms has made progress, for example the publication of ‘Veterinary Anatomical Terminology (2013)’, which is Korean version of NAV/NEV. The Korean-English terms for veterinary medicine, which has contained approximately 46,900 terms, published at 2018. Veterinary terms are widely related with not only medicine and pharmacology but also with various fields of the society including livestock industry, food industry and quarantine. Therefore, the discretion should be required in the selecting appropriate Korean veterinary terms. The standardization of the veterinary terms should be progress in the regularly revision in a timely manner.

The effects of supplemental lighting (SL) timing on vegetative growth and the photosynthetic assimilation rate of young Cymbidium hybrids were examined. Nine month old C. ‘Yang Guifei’ and ‘Wine Shower’ were treated with four different SL timings: 22:00 – 02:00 (middle of the night, MN); 17:00 – 21:00 (end of day extension, DE); 07:00 – 09:00 plus 17:00 – 19:00 (both beginning and end of the night as split day extension, SDE), and non SL (8/16 h, short day, SD) for 4 months. All SL were provided by two types of 100% red LEDs (640 and 660 nm), with 150 μmol･m-2 ･s-1 and 800 μmol･mol-1 of CO2 supplied during the night (16 h). Pseudobulb diameters were significantly higher under SL treatments compared with the SD of both cultivars, irrespective of SL timing. Net photosynthetic assimilation rates were enhanced with increased SL, due to the additional photosynthesis and reduction of dark respiration. Thus, daily net photosynthetic amounts of SL treatments effectively increased photosynthesis compared to the SD. These results indicate that SL helps promote vegetative growth by enhancing photosynthesis. Since there were no significant differences among the SL timings when CO2 was provided uniformly during the night, we concluded that growth and photosynthesis of young Cymbidium do not depend on the timing of SL application, but are related to the daily light integrals, which is the amount of photosynthetically active photons delivered over 24 hours.

Acacetin, which is present in damiana (Turnera diffusa ) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia ), has several pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of acacetin on head and neck cancers has not been clearly established. This study aimed to examine the effects of acacetin on cell growth and apoptosis induction in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. These were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation assay, and immunoblotting in FaDu cells. Acacetin induced FaDu cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with an estimated IC50 value of 41.9 µM, without affecting the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts as normal cells. Acacetin treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in the FaDu cells. It promoted the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 with increasing amounts of the cleaved caspase isoforms in FaDu cells. Acacetin-induced apoptosis in FaDu cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting showed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but upregulation of the mitochondria-dependent pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Badin FaDu cells after acacetin treatment. These findings indicate that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells via both the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

The efficacy of standard therapeutic strategies for Helicobacter pylori infection is decreasing over time due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. At the our previous study, we reported that the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 isolated from kimchi - a fermented vegetable dish widely consumed in Korea - had inhibitory effects against H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we are aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of probiotic HP7 and the extracts of Perilla frutescens (PFE) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGE) to alleviate Helicobacter pylori-induced damages. H. pylori infection in KATO III cells decreased mucin gene expression over time. The reduction of mucin gene expression was significantly recovered at 6 hours when GGE, PFE, and Lactobacillus HP7 were co-treated. H. pylori infection of C57BL/6 mice was demonstrated by H. pylori-IgG concentration, and results showed significant increase in mice post-infected with H. pylori. Blood Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α levels were elevated 4 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. However, the treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE induced significant decrease of TNF-α level (p<0.01) and showed significant decrease of TNF-α level as compared as the level by the positive control Glycyrrhiza glabra acetone extract (Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice, DGL) treatment (p<0.05). Additionally, the treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE decreased gastric inflammation and mucosal lesions in the stomach of H. pylori-infected mice. These results demonstrate that he treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE treatment can inhibit H. pylori growth and is thus a promising treatment for patients with gastric symptoms such as gastritis that are caused by H. pylori infection.

The University is to be established as an independent institution, with an appropriate status under the law of Korea. It will require such arrangements, incentives privileges and immunities as will facilitate the recruitment of international staff and the participation of faculty and students from all over the world. The University must be fully autonomous to ensure its intellectual and academic integrity and freedom from ideological constraints. The relationship with United Nations can be achieved without making the University an actual UN organization, through cooperation with UN agencies and organizations and participation of UN personnel in its faculty and programs. The core program centered at the University itself would be developed initially on the basis of the comparative advantage offered by its location in Jeju and the quality of faculty, full and part time, that could be recruited to the University. To reflect the complexity and range of issues in the field of sustainable development, it is planned that the academic program of the University should be organized from two mutually reinforcing perspectives, core competences underlying the whole program and specific areas of concentration.