I investigated the homogeneous liquid crystal alignment using parallel patterning on nickel oxide thin film. Nickel oxide thin film was prepared by sol-gel process, which is and cost effective method to form oxide thin film. Since the sol-gel process is solution driven method, the patterning on nickel oxide can be achieved by imprinting lithography. Nickel oxide with parallel pattern was used for liquid crystal alignment layer, which can be a alternative to conventional rubbing process to aligning a liquid crystal molecules. As a result, a high transmittance of 83.9% was confirmed for the NiO film, and a stable horizontal orientation pretilt angle of 0.2° occurred in the imprinted NiO film. These results were judged to be a positive level that can be commercialized in the horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display that is currently used universally. Anisotropic characteristics of nickel oxide induced by a parallel pattern leads to the alignment of liquid crystals.

Oversized fashion is again in the spotlight due to the influence of retro fashion. This has created new fashion trends with methods different from those of the past. This analysis examines recent trends by sorting these looks according to new and different methods of judging their appearance. A new categorization of the oversized look and its configurations has been created, one which separates “big” looks, partial changes, and layered looks. This research was based on historical review and previous studies. Three thousand one hundred thirty-six photos of oversized looks that have appeared in collections over the past five years were gathered, and their appearance was categorized according to type. The categorization results showed that big looks (55.1%) were most prevalent, followed by partial alterations (36.35%), and layered looks (8.45%). In comparison to prior oversized clothing production, new permutations of the “Big” look expanded the silhouettes of torso, shoulders, neckline and collar. Partial changes have expanded from the broadened shoulders of the 1980s. Today these styles expand the shoulders and armholes vertically or horizontally, which dramatically exaggerates the sleeves and collar. The layered look no longer simply features overlapping layers but takes the form of over-layering through cuts and insertions. Through such analysis it is clear that modern oversized looks break away from the simple expanded forms and production methods of the past. They now attempt to realize an exaggerated beauty of form regarding each clothing component and also maximize decorative effects through innovative drafting or sewing methods.

본 연구는 온실의 온도와 CO2농도를 높이기 위해 DME버너용 연료로 DME가스를 사용했을 때 DME 연소가스의 성능을 결정하고 겨울에 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량 그리고 무게와 건조무게에 대한 영향정도를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 각각 온실1과 온실2에 처방 된 DME-1과 DME-2 처방은 덕트의 평균 DME 유량 17.4 m3 min-1과10.2 m3 min-1으로 구성됐으며, 대조군(DME-3)으로 남겨진 온실3에는 DME 가스가 공급되지 않 았다. DME 공급 시간은 각각 주차 별로 1주차는 하루당 0.5시간, 2주차는 1시간, 3주차는 1.5시간, 4주차는 2 시간으로 설정하였다. 각각 처방마다 엽록소 함량과 상추와 배추의 건조 전, 후 중량을 측정했으며, 연구결과 무처리구인 온실3과 비교하여 온실1과 온실2 의 CO2 농도는 각각 265%, 174% 증가하였고, 온도의 경우 4.8oC, 3.10oC 상승하였다. DME 가스를 제외한 다른 조건이 같은 온실에서 재배된 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량과 생체중, 건물중은 온실1에서 (유의적으로) 가장 높았으며, 온실2는 대조구 온실보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 DME가스 연소에 의한 CO2 농도 차이에 기인된 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로 가스연소에 의해 발생되는 유해가스 증상은 나타나지 않았으며 동절기 난방과 CO2 공급이 동시에 필요할 경우 DME가스가 기존의 경유 또는 LPG 등을 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 향후 정밀한 연구를 통하여 효율적인 난방방식으로의 검토가 적극 필요하다고 판단된다.

The number of multicultural families has been increasing in Korea recently, and it is reported that students from multicultural family experience multiple struggles in English learning. With an awareness of mothers’ role in child’s education, this study aims to investigate multicultural family mothers’ perception of English education and the extent of those mothers’ involvement in their child’s English learning. For the purpose of this investigation, the present study collected survey data from 115 multicultural family mothers with varying national backgrounds, and interviews were conducted with 10 mothers. The results of this study reveal that the multicultural family mothers were well aware of the importance of English skills and knowledge with a belief in the practical value of English as a gatekeeper to materialistic, symbolic resources. However, the mothers were not that actively involved in child's English learning for several reasons, including their limited English proficiency and economic burden. Based on the findings, the present study offers practical suggestions for assisting multicultural family children’s English education and their social integration.

We conducted a survey of open clusters within 1 kpc from the Sun using the astrometric and photometric data of the Gaia Data Release 2. We found 655 cluster candidates by visual inspection of the stellar distributions in proper motion space and spatial distributions in l 􀀀 b space. All of the 655 cluster candidates have a well dened main-sequence except for two candidates if we consider that the main sequence of very young clusters is somewhat broad due to dierential extinction. Cross-matching of our 653 open clusters with known open clusters in various catalogs resulted in 207 new open clusters. We present the physical properties of the newly discovered open clusters. The majority of the newly discovered open clusters are of young to intermediate age and have less than 50 member stars.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the constraints on implementing task-based language teaching (TBLT) and strategies that make TBLT feasible with novice second language (L2) learners in college. When the researcher (a bilingual teacher) struggled to implement tasks into traditional English courses with almost 210 novice undergraduates throughout three separate semesters, a number of constraints were identified for the task syllabus, and TBLT was modified and adapted to a localized college-level context. The study was conducted over three 16-week-semesters, and its process was recorded in field notes. The findings demonstrated that there were four major constraints on implementing TBLT: 1) irrelevant topics in the coursebooks, 2) novice learners’ writing dependence and limited use of the second language, 3) excessive use of the first language, and 4) an irrelevant examination system. As four strategies to adapt TBLT in a local college context, the following were practiced and suggested: 1) a needs analysis is necessary, 2) instead of task-supported language teaching, a new hybrid form of TBLT and presentation-practice-production might work, 3) teaching English in English is necessary but specifying strategies for selective use of first language (L1) is needed, and 4) relevant tests are necessary. It is hoped that these findings will enrich the actual process from adoption to adaptation of localized TBLT for novice L2 learners in Korean colleges.

The present study attempts to provide empirical and qualitative evidence to support the feasibility of rubric-referenced self-assessment to promote learning in a Korean high school EFL context. Over four rubric-referenced self-assessment lessons, with the help of a teacher’s instructions, students wrote a first draft and assessed it using a scoring rubric. Drawing on this self-assessment, they wrote a second draft, also followed by a self-assessment as well as a self-assessment diary. As quantitative data, the scores of the first draft of the first class were compared with those of the second draft of the fourth class. Survey questionnaires, interviews, self-assessment diaries, and essay self-assessments served as qualitative data. The findings are, first, rubric-referenced self-assessment showed positive effects on students’ writing quality. Second, students came to perceive the effectiveness of rubric-referenced self-assessment. Lastly, rubric-referenced self-assessment positively influenced students’ learning strategies and attitudes. These results imply that rubric-referenced self-assessment promotes learning in a Korean high school EFL context, leading students to become self-regulated learners that take responsibility for their own learning.