We investigate ρ Pup using the high resolution spectral observations taken from the VLT archive and observations at a 1.8m-Korean telescope with BOES spectrograph. The atmospheric parameters are determined using the iron-line abundance analysis. We derive an effective temperature value of Teff=6890±250K, surface gravity of log g=3.28±0.3 dex, microturbulent velocity of vmicro=4.1±0.4 km s-1, and the iron abundance of log N=7.82±0.15. The projected rotational velocity of the star is close to v sin i =3.5km s-1. Asymmetric line profiles in the observed spectra and variation of this asymmetry with time show that both strong radial pulsation and weak non-radial pulsations are present in ρ Pup

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature and nematicides on endospore attachment characteristics of 2 Korean isolates of nematodeparasitic bacteria, Pasteuria penetrans. P. penetrans CJ-1 and 98-35 isolates and 3 species of root-knot nematodes in U. of Florida were used ; Meloidogyne incognita (MI), M. arenaria (MA), and M. javanica (MJ). Three nematicide levels of 2, 4, and 6 ppm were compared by treating Vydate and Nemacur in the endospore containing soils. The endospores were attached to the root-knot nematode juveniles by centrifugal method. Reproduction of the isolates was checked by observing root-knot nematode females harvested from inoculated tomato roots. 1. Among the two Korean isolates, 98-35 showed attachments to MI, MA, and MJ juveniles, but it could not reproduce in any species. CJ-1 reproduced on all the 3 tested root-knot nematode species. 2. Endospores pretreated in -14°C showed higher attachment rate than those pretreated in 4, 24, and 40℃. 3. Nemacur treatments significantly suppressed the attachment of the endospores to the juveniles, while Vydate treatment effects were negligible.

Information and Communication Technology is now widely accepted by developing countries as a development tool in their efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance human development, and achieve Millennium Development Goals. Recognizing this untapped potential and development strategies incorporating ICT are being increasingly promoted and launched across the developing countries requiring a comprehensive ICT policy that plays a crucial rule, in particular, in the area of agriculture and rural development. While the potential advantages of ICT for development are enormous in developed countries, national policies of developing countries are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting this potential. This paper tries to provide implication of ICT policy to the agriculture and rural development in developing countries, in particular through lessons learned from European Union (EU) IT policy. Through the examination of vital projects in the agriculture and rural development sectors and case study analysis of applied policies and strategies implemented in the European Union, this paper provides tangible examples and lessons for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the field. Hence, this study provides policy-makers the necessary tools, information and knowledge to facilitate the formulation and adoption of ICT policies and strategies in the agriculture and rural development sector.

Recently, hundreds thousands of CO1 barcodes have been produced in many insect groups however, relatively little is known in Hemiptera. In this study, we newly determine 1173 sequences for 374 species distributed among 190 genera and 33 families collected mostly from North America. Average age of the specimen was 12.2 years and about 70% of the specimens produce barcode over 500 bp among examined 1700 specimens. Con-generic divergency calculated by K2P distance was 9.99 which was 11fold higher than the mean intraspecific variation. A steady increase of genetic variation through increasing taxonomic levels was also observed. We found several taxon groups with deep divergency (over 2.0 K2P distance) which were morphologically identified as a same species. Some mixed clusters with several species were also found and suggested more detailed study for these clusters through both morphological and molecular biological method.