The “Sipadan and Ligitan” dispute was settled by the ICJ (2002), but its impact on basepoint for baseline and maritime delimitation on the Ambalat remains a contentious issue until now. Since the islands are used as basepoints by Malaysia that results in controversy between Indonesia and Malaysia. This essay will investigate the current situation over Ambalat regarding two basepoints islands for maintaining Equidistance Line in Disputed Area. It will discuss why Malaysia has no right to use the straight baseline or straight archipelagic baseline to connect the basepoints of Sipadan and Ligitan at Sabah and suggest measures to maintain equidistance line in Ambalat.

This paper investigates minimum safe distances relative to a ship’s four cardinal sides, as perceived by Filipino navigators when encountering dangerous elements and in adverse weather conditions when maneuvering in and around harbors. It uses a descriptive research method in the form of a questionnaire survey for experienced Filipino navigators of various ranks. During the course of research, 71 responses were colleted and the resulting data is presented in graphical and tabulated forms. Statistical methods including Pearson-product moment correlations, Cronbach’s Alpha and ANOVA were used to identify internal associations, consistencies and significances, respectively. It has been proven that there are no significant differences in minimum safe distances relative to a ship’s four cardinal sides, whether maneuvering while approaching a port or within an inner harbor. This study has been deemed significant for training future navigators, managing traffic in fairways, and designing harbors and maneuvering areas in the approaches to ports, among other applications. This work can also be used as a preliminary study for comparison with the well known safe domains presently in use.

예이츠는 힌두교과 불교적 종교와 철학의 양상의 맥락과 결부시켜서 아 잔타석굴을 연구했는데, 이것은 예이츠의 아잔타석굴의 명상적 미술의 상징에 대한 비 금욕적이고 비이원론적인 인식과 동양 무희의 상징성의 인식을 이해하는 데 필수적이 다. 이 연구는 새로운 방식으로 그 무희가 구체화하는 동양의 존재의 통일을 예이츠가 어떻게 이해하는가를 이해하는데 도움이 되며, 이 개념은 􋺷환상록 문서􋺸와 􋺷페르 아미 카 실렌시아 루네􋺸(1916년)과 보다 구체적으로 􋺷환상록􋺸(1937년)에서 깊이 탐구된다. 아잔타 석굴의 무희는 “포기의 문” 앞에 머물면서 찬양자들로 하여금 동양적이면서, 역시 보편적인, 존재의 통일을 명상하고 경험하게 유도하는데, 1920년대 중반까지 그 것은 예이츠에게 “명상”적 “선” 행위가 된다. 이때 모든 것은 리듬을 통해서 유일심이 되는데, 이 동양의 무희는 그것을 가장 잘 표현하고 있다.

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (bSCNT) embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage at a rate similar to that of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the efficiency of somatic cell cloning has remained low, and applications have been limited, irrespective of the nuclear donor species or cell types. One possible explanation is that the reprogramming factors of each oocyte is insufficient or not properly adapted for the receipt of a somatic cell nucleus, because it is naturally prepared only for the receipt of a gamete. Here, we would like to introduce the aggregation method (agSCNT), a new experimental system that enables and increase oocyte volume and examined its subsequent development. Judgement by the blastocyst formation rate or total cell number was significantly higher in the agSCNT group than that in the SCNT group, and was very similar to that in the control IVF group. Moreover, the cleavage formation rate in the agSCNT group (61.5 ± 1.3) was higher than that in the SCNT group (39.7 ± 2.1), while still less than that in the IVF group (75.4 ± 1.3). We also analyzed the epigenetic modifications in bovine IVF, agSCNT, and untreated SCNT embryos. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that agSCNT improves the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos, as evidenced by increased total cell numbers (TC).

This study investigated the effect of Charcoal:Dextran Stripped fetal bovine serum (CDS FBS) and heat-inactivated FBS (HI FBS) in embryo culture medium on their ability to support in vitro development of bovine embryos. The developmental ability and quality of bovine embryos were determined by assessing their cell number, lipid content, mitochondrial activity, gene expression, and cryo-tolerance. The percentages of embryos that underwent cleavage and formed a blastocyst were significantly (P<0.05) higher in medium containing CDS FBS than in medium containing HI FBS (42.84 ± 0.78% vs. 36.85 ± 0.89%, respectively). Furthermore, the beneficial effects of CDS FBS on embryos were associated with a significantly reduced intracellular lipid content, as identified by Nile red staining, which increased their cryo-tolerance. The post-thaw survival rate of blastocysts was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the CDS FBS than in the HI FBS group (85.33 ± 4.84% vs. 68.67 ± 1.20%). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase long-chain, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor were significantly increased upon culture with CDS FBS. Moreover, the mRNA levels of sirtuin 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and anti-apoptotic associated gene B-cell lymphoma 2 in frozen-thawed blastocysts were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the CDS FBS group than in the HI FBS group, however, the mRNA level of the pro-apoptotic gene BCL2-associated X protein was significantly reduced. Taken together, these data suggest that supplementation of medium with CDS FBS improves in vitro bovine embryo developmental competence and cryo-tolerance.

We investigate two abnormal CME-Storm pairs that occurred on 2014 September 10 - 12 and 2015 March 15 - 17, respectively. The first one was a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -75 nT) driven by the X1.6 high speed flare-associated CME (1267 km s−1) in AR 12158 (N14E02) near solar disk center. The other was a very intense geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -223 nT) caused by a CME with moderate speed (719 km s−1) and associated with a filament eruption accompanied by a weak flare (C9.1) in AR 12297 (S17W38). Both CMEs have large direction parameters facing the Earth and southward magnetic field orientation in their solar source region. In this study, we inspect the structure of Interplanetary Flux Ropes (IFRs) at the Earth estimated by using the torus fitting technique assuming self-similar expansion. As results, we find that the moderate storm on 2014 September 12 was caused by small-scale southward magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of the IFR. The Earth traversed the portion of the IFR where only the northward fields are observed. Meanwhile, in case of the 2015 March 17 storm, our IFR analysis revealed that the Earth passed the very portion where only the southward magnetic fields are observed throughout the passage. The resultant southward magnetic field with long- duration is the main cause of the intense storm. We suggest that 3D magnetic field geometry of an IFR at the IFR-Earth encounter is important and the strength of a geomagnetic storm is strongly affected by the relative location of the Earth with respect to the IFR structure.

Carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) have been used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of picric acid from aqueous solutions under stirring and ultrasound conditions. Batch experiments were conducted to study the influence of the different parameters such as pH, amount of adsorbents, contact time and concentration of picric acid on the adsorption process. The kinetic data were fitted with pseudo-first order, pseudo-secondorder, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion models. The kinetic studies were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both methods. In addition, the adsorption isotherms of picric acid from aqueous solutions on the MWCNTs were investigated using six two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Halsey, Harkins-Jura, Fowler- Guggenheim), four three-parameter models (Redlich-Peterson, Khan, Radke-Prausnitz, and Toth), two four-parameter equations (Fritz-Schlunder and Baudu) and one five-parameter equation (Fritz-Schlunder). Three error analysis methods, correlation coefficient, chi-square test and average relative errors, were applied to determine the best fit isotherm. The error analysis showed that the models with more than two parameters better described the picric acid sorption data compared to the two-parameter models. In particular, the Baudu equation provided the best model for the picric acid sorption data for both methods.

Negative effects of insecticides on non-target organism can be reduced by using selective and less toxic insecticides. We assessed the effect of subsequent application of flonicamid and Beauveria bassiana GHA on pests and natural enemies in soybean fields by recording their density in 6-8 d interval. Flonicamid controlled Aphis glycines Matsumura in 6 day after spray (DAS). Nymphs of Riptortus pedestris (F.) were also reduced by 46 and 48% in 12 and 19 DAS, respectively. Application of B. bassiana reduced R. pedestris nymph 50% in 16 DAS whereas adult R. pedestris, Medythia nigrobilineata Motschulsky and A. glycines were not significantly reduced in treated fields. Ladybird beetles, syrphid flies, hymenopteran wasps, and parasitism rate of R. pedestris eggs were not different between the treatment and control. These results suggest that flonicamid and B. bassiana showed less negative effect on the natural enemies and effective against aphids and nymphs stage of R. pedestris.

We present a summary of our spectroscopic redshift catalogue of 404 sources in the AKARI Deep Field South (ADF-S). We have used the AAOmega spectrograph to target mid-infrared and far-infrared sources selected primarily from AKARI observations in this field for which we were able to obtain optical counterparts. Our sources with identified redshifts include 316 with Hα detections at z  0:345 and 15 sources at z > 1 with MgII or Ly emission lines. About 13% of our z  0:345 sources are dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) emission, although many show emission from both star formation and AGNs. The median Balmer decrement is 5.9. Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) were found only in the higher-redshift sources. Optical and near infrared data will be available shortly, enabling calibration of the line luminosities and spectral energy distribution (SED) tting for these sources.

The AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field is a natural location to accomplish deep extragalactic surveys. It is supported by comprehensive ancillary data extending from radio to X-ray wavelengths, which have been used to classify radio sources as radio-loud and radio-quiet objects and to create a catalogue of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This has been achieved by using a radio-optical classification and colour- colour diagrams rather than the more usual way based on spectroscopy Furthermore, we explore whether this technique can be extended by using a far-Infrared (FIR) colour-colour diagram which has been used to identify 268 high redshift candidates.

We report the results of a multi-wavelength study in the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) deep field and examine the far infrared-radio correlation (FIRC) for high and low redshift objects. We have found a correlation between the GMRT data at 610 MHz and the Herschel data at 250μm that has been used to define a spectral index. This spectral index shows no evolution against redshift. As a result of the study, we show a radio colour-infrared diagram that can be used as a redshift indicator.

How does the presence of an AGN in uence the total SFR estimates of galaxies and change their distribution with respect to the Galaxy Main Sequence? To contribute to solving this question, we study a sample of 1133 sources detected in the North Ecliptic Pole field (NEP) by AKARI and Herschel. We create a multi-wavelength dataset for these galaxies and we fit their multi-wavelength Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) using the whole spectral regime (from 0.1 to 500 μm). We perform the fit using three procedures: LePhare and two optimised codes for identifying AGN tracers from the SED analysis. In this work we present an overview of the comparison between the estimates of the Infrared bolometric luminosi- ties (between 8 and 1000 μm) and the AGN fractions obtained exploiting these dierent procedures. In particular, by estimating the AGN contribution in four different wavelength ranges (5-40 μm, 10-20 μm, 20-40 μm and 8-1000 μm) we show how the presence of an AGN affects the PAH emission by suppressing the ratio L8 μm L4:5 μm as a function of the considered wavelength range.