High resolution images of the nuclear regions of nearby galaxies show that nuclear spirals are preponderant in normal galaxies as well as in active galaxies. These nuclear spirals, especially the grand-design nuclear spirals are found to be formed by the gas flow driven by the bar. Hydrodynamical simulations exploring a wide range of parameter space show that the morphology of nuclear spirals depends not only on the inner dynamics but on the global dynamics resulting from the global mass distribution of galaxies. Thus, the nuclear morphology can be a diagnostic tool for the inner dynamics of galaxies when the global mass distribution is taken into account.

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been frequently lost by sudden death at 1 to 3 month following healthy birth. To address whether placental anomalies are responsible for the sudden death of cloned calves, we compared protein patterns of 2 placentae derived from SCNT of Korean Native calves died suddenly at two months after birth and those of 2 normal placentae obtained from AI fetuses. Placental proteins were separated using 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 800 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with coomassie-blue. Then, image analysis of Malanie III (Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics) was performed to detect variations in protein spots between normal and SCNT placentae. In the comparison of normal and SCNT samples, 8 spots were identified to be up-regulated proteins and 24 spots to be down-regulated proteins in SCNT placentae, among which proteins were high mobility group protein HMG1, apolipoprotein A-1 precursor, bactenecin 1, tropomyosin beta chain, H+-transporting ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, peroxiredoxin 2, tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein, serum albumin precursor and cathepsin D. These results suggested that the sudden death of cloned calves might be related to abnormal protein expression in placenta.

Postantibiotic effects (PAE) refer to suppression of the bacterial growth following limited periods of exposure to an antibiotic and subsequent to the removal of the antibiotic agent. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria associated with several periodontal diseases. In this study, postantibiotic effects (PAE), postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) and sub-MIC effect (SME) of antibiotics on F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50 were investigated. The PAE was induced by 10X the MIC of antibiotic and antibiotic was eliminated by washing. The PA SMEs were studied by addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3X MICs during the postantibiotic phase of the bacteria, and the SMEs were studied by exposition of the bacteria to antibiotic at the sub-MICs only. Amoxicillin, doxycycline and tetracycline induced PAE for F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50. But metronidazole and penicillin induced PAE for only F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Metronidazole and doxycycline induced PA SME and SME for both species of anaerobic bacteria used in this study. The PA SME values for both strains were substantially longer than the SME values. The present study showed the existence of PAE, PA SME and SME for various antibiotics against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and P. gingivalis W50.

실증용 UO pellet 산화로의 실증을 위한 제한된 핫셀 공간 안에서 사용후 핵 연료를 취급하는 산화로는 소형화 하여야 하고, 사용후 핵 연료 분말은 UO pellet 산화로 장치로부터 비산되지 않아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 분말의 최종속도를 구하기 위하여 Stokes식과 밀도비식을 제안하였다. UO 의 최종속도 SiO 의 최종속도를 사용하여 예측하였고, 비산방지를 할 수 있는 최적유량을 결정하였다. SiO 의 이론 최종속도 식을 검증하고, UO 과 관계식을 예측하기 위하여 아크릴 장치를 만들었다. 목업시설 에 설치 된 산화로에서 제안된 이론최종속도식 인 Stokes식 의 20 L/min과 밀도비식의 14.5 L/min을 적용하여 UO 분말의 필터감지에 의해 검증하였다. 그 결과 밀도비식에 의한 14.5 L/min은 UO 이전혀 검출되지 않았고, Stokes식의 20 L/min에서는 평균 7m 의 입도분말이 검출되었다. 따라서 UO pellet 산화로에서 UO이 비산되지 않는 최적유량은 14.5L/min임을 알 수 있었고, 제안된 밀도비식이 바람직함을 알 수 있었다.

In connection with the world beyond globalization, new theories such as Samuel Huntington's 'The Clash of Civilization', Gilbert Achcar's 'New World Disorder' and 'The Third World War' are emerging. This paper was motivated by the personal thinking that the Republic of Ireland as Celtic Tiger goes beyond globalization toward 'uisneach', as the hidden tradition, and that Yeats is a great guide to illuminate the quest and that Heaney is an inheritor or an achiever of the quest.This paper begins with the hypothesis that the modern Irish poetry is seeking their hidden tradition, 'uisneach'. I think that to understand the modern Irish poetry, we should first understand what is meant by 'uisneach'. 'Uisneach' has the various meanings: in the geographical sense, it means the area of the "territorially elusive" fifth province of Mide, the navel or the center of Ireland; in the religious sense, it means the sacred center of Ireland in pagan times; in the mythological sense, it is related to the Ulster Cycle including "Oidheadh Chloinne Uisneach", the fate of the Sons of Usnech, known as the Deirdri Ballads; and in the aesthetical sense, it means the origin where creative energy is flowing. W.B. Yeats was a knight in charge of the quest of the Irish political independence through the Celtic Revival against Anglo-Saxon's scientific modernity. His search for 'uisneach' reflects the resistance on the regional as well as the European level against Anglo-saxon's culture. Seamus Heaney's poetry is also going toward the fifth spiritual space where the Irish people believe a reconciliation is to be made, by taking some steps. And lastly, he also goes beyond the global space toward their hidden world based upon Celtic belief and the mild liberalist aestheticism. My last conclusion is that 'uisneach', a hidden tradition or vision means the Celtic vision modern Irish writers have sought. I think that Yeats is a poetic predictor or mentor to illuminate another waste land, Ireland, by suggesting the vision while Heaney is an inheritor in that he goes toward the hidden tradition Yeats suggested.

Here we present a linear stability analysis and an MHD 2D model for the Parker-Jeans instability in the Galactic gaseous disk. The magnetic field is assumed parallel to a Galactic spiral arm, and the gaseous disk is modelled as a multi-component, magnetized, and isothermal gas layer. The model employs the observed vertical stratifications for the gas density and the gravitational acceleration in the Solar neighborhood, and the self-gravity of the gas is also included. By solving Poisson's equation for the gas density stratification, we determine the vertical acceleration due to self-gravity as a function of z. Subtracting it from the observed gravitational acceleration, we separate the total acceleration into self and external gravities. The linear stability analysis provides the corresponding dispersion relations. The time and length scales of the fastest growing mode of the Parker-Jeans instability are about 40 Myr and 3.3 kpc, respectively. In order to confirm the linear stability analysis, we have performed two-dimensional MHD simulations. These show that the Parker-Jeans instability under the self and external gravities evolves into a quasi-equilibrium state, creating condensations on the northern and southern sides of the plane, in an alternate manner.

Globalization has been remaking the world order in terms of world economy, cosmopolitan culture and international social movements. Through globalization, we could enjoy many cultures and communicate between us without any obstacle. On the other hand, it was thought to be the extension of modernization, bringing about many problems. In connection with the expansion of globalization, Samuel Huntington's theory of ' The Clash of Civilizations' is worth mentioning. According to him, the 21th century as de-cold period, is faced with the collision of cultures based on religions. As far as globalization is considered to be the expansion of American culture, the world- wide resistance is already predicted. Especially the countries which had gone through colonization are seeking their own alternatives to the global culture. In connection with this, modern Irish poets are the representatives who are moving toward the ideal glocalism. What I mean by ideal glocalism includes making definition of localism, the appropriation of global power, objectifying the local culture and seeking for the new humanism. The modern Irish poets show the successful model for appropiating 'the third-space' of Homi Bhabha. They explore 'the third-space' of Homi Bhabha as the space of recreation, not that of imitation, by solidifying the local culture and accepting the hybridity at the same time. W.B. Yeats is the first contributor in making differentiation of the Irish culture from the English one. And, also, he tries to make the Irish culture global trend. He recreated hybridity as something new. However, he cannot narrow the cultural gap between the Anglo-Irish as a global power and the Gaelic Catholic as a local power. John Montague begins his career as a critic of Irish local culture. And he chose the exile. However, from him, we can also see the romantic attachment to the local culture through its objectification. Seamus Heaney begins his career as an archeologist of the local culture. However he also experiences the conflict between the local and the global. At last his recognition of hybridity of the local culture brings him to the reconciliation. The last conclusion is the following: the three Irish poets go beyond globalism toward glocalism through redefining and remaking their local culture.