Recently, we have set up a new digital CCD camera system, MicroMax YHS-1300 manufactured by Roper Scientific for Hα observation by Solar Flare Telescope at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory. It has a 12 bit dynamic range, a pixel number of 1300×1030, a thermoelectric cooler, and an electric shutter. Its readout speed is about 3 frames per second and the dark current is about 0.05 e-/p/s at -10°. We have made a system performance test by confirming the system linearity, system gain, and system noise that its specification requires. We have also developed a data acquisition software which connects a digital camera con-troller to a PC and acquires Hα images via Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 under Windows 98. Comparisons of high quality Hα images of AR 9169 and AR 9283 obtained from SOFT with the corresponding images from Learmonth Solar Observatory in Australia confirm that our Hα digital observational system is performed properly. Finally, we present a set of Hα images taken from a two ribbon flare occurred in AR 9283.

Recent discovery of an Io-related feature in Jupiter's auroral regions prompted us to search for an or multiplet at 1304Å in IUE aurora spectra. In three independent IUE spectra taken on January 18, 1981, we found an emission structure at 1304Å , with a signal-to-noise of about three. If the structure is due to the OI emission, then it is a direct evidence of oxygen ion precipitation, which may originate from Io and Io torus. The emission rates of the H2 H2 band systems and the or multiplet are about 50 kR and 150 R, respectively. We have constructed high resolution model spectra with the estimated emission rates of H2 H2 , OI and SI for the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The model spectra clearly show the or and SI mulitplets separated from crowded H2 H2 Lyman and Werner band lines, and therefore it is promising to detect the OI and SI multiplets with the GHRS. Given the possibility that the lo-related feature may be caused by ion precipitations from the Io flux tube, it is likely that the OI emission may be detected in the footprint area of the IO flux tube.

I have developed a UV and visible spectroscopic database (UVSD) for atoms and molecules, which are found in interstellar medium, stars, galaxies, and in the atmospheres of the earth, planets, satellites, and comets. This UV and visible database, which is machine-readable, consists of three different sub-databases depending upon the characteristics of the sub-databases: (A) atomic and molecular line listings from laboratory observations or theoretical studies; (B) absorption spectra measured in laboratories; and (C) solar UV, visible, and infrared spectral atlases. The UVSD is in a very initial stage of development compared with other well organized and established infrared and microwave databases. In order to make a good quality and complete database, substantial efforts should be made for the acquisition of scattered important data from laboratories or institutions, and then the acquired heterogeneous data should be peer-reviewed and standardized.

우리나라에 발생하고 있는 벼멸구 생태형의 형태적 차이를 구명하고자 생태형 1, 2, 3의 단시형 암컷과 숫컷의 다리부분의 형태를 관찰하였다. 앞다리, 가운데 다리 그리고 뒷다리의 제3부절의 형태를 51개 부위에서 조사한 다음 통계학적 분석을 위하여 정준 판별 분석법을 도입하였다. 각 생태형간의 Mahalanobis distance는 숫컷의 경우 생태형 2와 3 사이에서 가장 짧았고, 암컷은 생태형 1과 2 사이에서 가장 길었다. Scatter plot diagram상에서 각 생태 형간 분리현상이 뚜렷하여 중심점이 각각 다르게 나타났고 각 생태형에 속하는 개체는 중심점 부근에 고르게 분포하였다. 각 생태형간의 Group membership 조사에서 암수 모두 각 생태형은 각각 동일한 생텨형을 분류되었다.

벼멸구에 대(對)한 벼품종간(品種間)의 피해(被害)와 수량(收量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 1983 년(年) 전남(全南) 해남(海南)에서 29개(個) 벼품종(品種)을 살충제무산포구(殺蟲劑無散布區), 살충(殺蟲) 및 살충제무산포구(殺蟲劑無散布區), 살균제무산포(殺菌劑無散布) 두어 이앙(移秧)하고 충밀도(蟲密度), 벼고사시기(枯死時期), 수량(收量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 삼강(三剛)벼, 가야(伽倻)벼, 한강(漢江)찰벼, 청청(靑靑)벼는 극히 낮은 밀도(密度)와 피해(被害)가 없었고 밀양(密陽) 30호(號)와 원풍(圓豊)벼는 중간정도(中間程度)의 밀도(密度)와 피해(被害)를 보였고 그 이외(以外) 품종(品種)은 높의 밀도(密度)와 고사현상(枯死現狀)을 나타냈다. 살충제무산포(殺蟲劑無散布)에 의한 수량(收量) 감수효과(減收效果)가 적었던 품종(品種)은 가야(伽倻)(12%), 삼강(三剛)벼(29%), 한강(漢江)찰벼(35%)였고 감수효과(減收效果)가 컷던 품종(品種)은 복광(福光)벼(260%), 팔금(八錦)(223%), 송전(松前)벼(200%), 관악(冠岳)벼(200%)였다.

We investigated whether sound could alter gene expression in plants. Using a sound-treated subtractive library, a set of sound-responsive genes in plants was demonstrated through mRNA expression analyses. Of them, the rbcS and ald genes, which are light responsive, up-regulated their expression with sound treatment in both light and in dark conditions. This suggested that sound could be used as a gene regulator instead of light. When we analyzed ald gene expression using various single wavelengths, a significant increase in mRNA levels was found at 125 or 250 Hz but decreased at 50 Hz, indicating that the gene responded to sound in a wavelength-specific manner. To determine whether the ald promoter respond to sound, we generated transgenic rice plants harboring the chimeric gene consisting of a 1,506-bp promoter fragment of the ald gene fused to Escherichia coli GUS reporter gene. Analyses of mRNA expressison level of three independent transgenic lines sound-treated with 50 or 250 Hz for 4 h showed that the Gus gene expression in all three transgenic lines was up regulated by 250 Hz, but down regulated by 50 Hz. These results correlated with sound responsive mRNA expression pattern observed for the ald gene in rice plants, indicating that the 1,506-bp ald promoter confers sound-responsiveness on a reporter gene in transgenic rice plants. We also investigated whether sound waves could improve salt tolerance in rice seedling. The rice seedlings were sound treated with 800 Hz for 1hr, and then treated with 0, 75, 150, and 225mM NaCl for 3 days to observe changes in physiological and morphological aspects. Sound treatment seedlings resulted in enhanced salt stress tolerance, mainly demonstrated by the sound treated seedlings exhibiting of increased root relative water contents (RWC), root length and weight, photochemical efficiency (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm), and germination rate under salt stress condition. This demonstrates that a specific sound wave might be used, not only to alter gene expression in plant, but also to improve salt stress tolerance.

This study was performed to analyze the improvement of soil physical property and soil biota characteristics through cultivation of green manure crops for a one-year period before creation of a tea plantation as follows. The study revealed that the contents of available phosphate tended to decrease after sod-culture by green manure cultivation and open-pollination, when compared to the level before cultivation. The ratio soil porosity increased by approximately 30% when Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum bicolar L. Moench were cultivated, while the soil bacteria and fungi also increased. In a research on microfauna using a pit fall trap, the population number of the microfauna was 174 of 27 species in the plot of open-pollinated sod-culture and no organic matter application, and 268 of 26 species in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench. Consequently, the culturing tool of Crotalaria juncea recorded the highest level of species diversity at 2.5, the evenness index at 3.7 and richness at 4.6, with the lowest level of a dominance index. The ecological quotient of microfauna was 0.76 in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench, and 0.63 in the plot of Crotalaria juncea.