Abstract: Rhetorical modal adverbs are a special kind in both Chinese and Korean languages. They have flexible syntactic positions and empty sematic meanings. Therefore, they are one of the difficulties in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and Korean language. Taking Chinese and Korean students as the research object, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on the use of Chinese and Korean rhetorical modal adverbs, and analyses the errors of Chinese and Korean rhetorical modal adverbs from the perspective of syntax and semantics. The syntactic distribution errors include the wrong ordering at the beginning and middle of the sentence. The syntactic combination errors include the misuse of modal particles and auxiliary verbs. The semantic errors include the misunderstanding of rhetorical meaning and the misunderstanding of realistic and non-realistic meaning. Among these, the error rate of syntactic combination is the highest. This is because the differences between Chinese and Korean are reflected most in the combination characteristics of rhetorical modal adverbs. Students are influenced by their mother tongue and have many errors. This part is the key and difficult point in the teaching of rhetorical modal adverbs. It is necessary to carry out targeted teaching for individual rhetorical modal adverbs with high error rate.

Based on the theories of word order typology, this study intends to establish the system of adpositionsfrom Chinese and Koreanin terms of typological parametersbyexamining and comparing their syntactic and semantic functions. Many Chinese prepositions and Koreangrammaticalauxiliaries areadposition universals in preposition-based argument structure for leveragingsubject and predicate relationship. Chinese has an increasing number of prepositions, postpositions and circumpositionsina semi-open state, but Korean has a relatively small and stable number of postpositions in a semi-closed form.Despite the discrepancy ofnumbers and types between the two languages, Chinese preposition and Korean postposition are congenial pairs from a typological perspective,indicating the contrast of adpositions between SVO and SOV languages,given that both languages havemore adpositionsof situational and relational functionsthan of comparative, causal,subjective and predicative functions.