The Tripitaka Koreana ("Goryeo Daejanggyeong") wooden printing blocks have been recognized as a priceless Korean cultural heritage since the 13th century. They represent the advanced level of Buddhist studies at that time and its printing technology. The Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks also reflect the universal cultural values of 13th century East Asia. I will first examine the philological aspect of the Tripitaka Koreana. Then its historical and cultural background will be surveyed, including the time and places of its production, the supervisory organizations involved, and the purpose for its production. The meticulous production process of the Tripitaka Koreana woodblocks will be summarized beginning with the cutting of logs and the acquisition of Buddhist canon in preparation for the making of the printing woodblocks. Then, based on textual evidence, their enshrinement at Haein-sa Temple will also be explored from the aspects of the timing of its production and the possible transportation routes used for it relocation to Haein-sa. The Tripitaka Koreana has been printed several times in the pursuit of both national and private objectives. I will examine for whom and how often it has been printed. Lastly, the measures taken to preserve the Tripitaka Koreana will be explored. Many factors have contributed to their almost perfect preservation. Special techniques are evident in the preparation of the woodblocks, how the woodblocks are stacked on the repository shelves, and also in the location and construction of their repositories. Current research will be introduced which is being conducted to apply modern scientific techniques for their enhanced preservation and to better utilize the content of the Tripitaka Koreana in diverse cultural areas.