The modern citizen is the main body of rights and responsibility which is on the basis of the Constitution and the Law, enjoy the rights, fulfill their obligations and actively participate in social and public life. It means the identity of rights and obligations in the social and public life and also makes every person to be the dignified main body of the public life. However, due to historical inertia and the constraints of reality, the wounds of the modern citizen that we could not avoid is true. Cultivating the modern citizens should start with building up civic spirit and civic awareness, expanding the public sphere of modern society, rich the content of modern civic activities, developing the scholastic civil education, etc.

In the early 20th century, as the main founders of the Chinese Communist Party, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao formed their respective characteristic democratic thoughts on China's political development, which were based on the need to solve the practical problems of China, and combined with their cultural backgrounds, experiences as well as the judgments about China's political situation, in the environment of the changing world and the turbulent politics of China. Today, it is extremely necessary to do the comparative studies on their democratic political thoughts at the important moment of developing socialist democratic politics and promoting democracy within the party.