As a folk art that combines earthy simplicity with refined elegance, Henan Diaoqu in China has gradually formed its performance style since the Ming and Qing dynasties, giving rise to multiple sub-genres and enduring through the ages. As one of the most representative traditional opera forms in the Central Plains region, its linked melody structure and widely appealing vocal styles have all been deeply influenced by Confucian thought. However, the development of Diaoqu has gone through multiple periods, and under the impact of modernization, its inheritance and development face multiple challenges. Based on the dual dimensions of cultural genes and musical forms, this paper clarifies the developmental context of Diaoqu and analyzes the manifestation of Confucian thought in its qupai (melody card) structure, libretto texts, and performance practices. It thus puts forward innovative ideas for the contemporary inheritance of Diaoqu, proposing the integration of Confucian "music education" philosophy with modern music education to facilitate its modern transmission, achieve its living inheritance empowered by digital technology, and rediscover its value in cross-cultural dialogue.