Purpose: This study aimed to further understand the experience related to emotional labor among the emergency room (ER) nurses Methods: Data for the study were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 8 nurses working at ER in tertiary-hospital settings. Conventional content analysis method was adopted. Results: Data analysis revealed 3 categories and 8 major topics on the participants’ experience of emotional labor at ER. The first category ‘the nature of nursing at emergency room’ involves three topics: ‘making quick, smooth interactions with people around ER’, ‘heavy, demanding workloads for ER nurses’, and ‘difficulties embedded in working environment’. The second category ‘rules of emotional expression and management’ includes two topics: ‘norms of emotional expression required for ER nurses’ and ‘work-centered emotional management.’ The last category ‘exhaustion, adaptation, and the sense of reward’ has three topics: ‘burn-out’, ‘recharging and withstanding’, and ‘reeling rewarded’ While experiencing ‘burn-out’ due to the negative effect of emotional labor, participating nurses reported that they also felt the sense of rewarding by restoring positive emotions through proper self-management, positive feedback and social support. Conclusion: The findings show that the nature of ER care required intensive emotional labor from nurses. Thus, it is imperative to provide interventions that assist ER nurses to reduce the negative impact of emotional labor and reinforce its positive influence on their lives, with systemic approaches to reduce the intensity of emotional labor and improve working conditions in ER settings.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of illness experience research study using phenomenological approaches. Methods: Data were searched from the database (CINAHL) under the key word '(Phenomeno*) and lived experience' and the publishing period 'Jan. 2006~Dec. 2016'. A total of 62 articles about first hand experience of patients was selected as final samples. Data were analysed in terms of research method and contents. Results: The chronic illness was the most frequently used disease, and 'van Mannen' method was also the most frequently used. The popular philosophical perspectives were Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology. As the criteria to ensure truthworthiness, Lincoln & Guba's criteria was the one mostly employed. Conclusion: It was found that the researchers employed various qualitative approaches despite of continued discussion on selecting a proper approach. However, the phenomenological approach was found to be the strongest tool for exploring the lived experience of patients. In this respect, the given approach is warranted for future utilization in nursing research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of ‘becoming a mother’, regarding juvenile unmarried mothers in shelter facilities. Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews with seven juvenile, unmarried mothers being under 24 years of age, and raising their children. The data were analyzed by using Qualitative Content Analysis. Results: Five categories resulted from the experiences of ‘becoming a mother’. They were identified as: ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Raising the Child’, ‘Living in a Shelter Facility’, ‘Living as an Unmarried Mother’, and finally ‘Preparing for the Future’. Conclusion: The shelter facility was perceived as a safe place for raising children by juvenile unmarried mothers, who had chosen to give birth and raise children after being abandoned by their families. However, they felt that living in the shelter was a stigma and simultaneously they should think that they ought to leave the place in the near future. In truth, their real life was grimmer than their thought. In this respect, policies should be changed to support them to raise children and be prepared to live with their children. Without any sense of stigma or discrimination as juvenile unmarried mothers, policies should support that they could live together in out community.