PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of improving the retroreflectivity of pavement marking by increasing the refractive index of glass bead. METHODS : Pavement marking test-beds has been installed in National Highway 19, 42 and KICT Yeoncheon SOC Center. In testbeds several marking sections were installed for each type of marking materials and glass beads. In this test-beds initial dry and wet retroreflectivity were measured and analyzed. RESULTS : When the refractive index of glass bead was adjusted upward in water based paint(glass bead No.1→ No.2), dry retroreflectivity increased by about 30 to 70%, and wet retroreflectivity slightly increased by about 10 to 40%. When using glass bead No. 2 in water based paint, it was found to meet the standards of the Road Traffic Act. However, since wet retroreflectivity of water based paint slightly exceeds the standard value, a follow-up investigation is needed to determine how long this performance can be maintained. When using glass bead No.1 in MMA(methyl methacrylate), the average wet retroreflectivity was evaluated to be 128 to 150 mcd/lx/m2, and when using glass bead No.2, the average wet retroreflectivity was evaluated to be about 200 to 270 mcd/lx/m2. Accordingly, MMA showed the best performance compared to other paints. CONCLUSIONS : When using glass bead No.1 in water-soluble paints and thermoplastic, it did not meet the wet retroreflectivity standards of the Road Traffic Act. But when using glass bead No.2, it met the wet retroreflectivity standards. As a result of analyzing the road marking budget according to the upward adjustment of the refractive index of glass bead, it was analyzed that if only the material class was adjusted upward, the cost would increase by more than twice the current budget. In order to decrease this budget increase rate(to increase service life), it is necessary to strengthen quality control standards for pavement marking and develop scientific-systematic quality control techniques.

PURPOSES : In this paper, problems and improvements in pavement marking standards are proposed as a result of the analysis of domestic/foreign standards and field data. METHODS : In this study, the US FHWA and all state standards were analyzed and domestic pavement marking standards were compared and analyzed. In addition, national highway marking test data, namely the Yeoncheon Test-Bed data, and data from Hawkins et al. (2015) were analyzed. Based on this, problems and improvements in the Korean pavement marking standards are proposed. RESULTS : As a result of literature and field data analysis, various problems were found in the Road Traffic Act and National Police Agency manual. In this standard, there is no definition of Qd; the RD reference value is set too low; and the RW and RR reference values are difficult to be considered reasonable values. CONCLUSIONS : There is an aspect in which the standard items and values of pavement markings are set under some policy judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to properly revise the standards, considering technical and economic aspects.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of additives that affect internal curing in order to reduce the damage occurring in concrete pavements. METHODS : SAP was used as an additive to reduce internal curing in concrete pavements. SAP is an additive that has a very high absorption rate which prevents concrete wrappers from externally draining water. To evaluate the internal curing performance according to the ratio of SAP, we identified the number of cracks and amount of abrasion reduction. RESULTS : Plastic shrinkage and durability of a concrete mixture with added SAP were evaluated. The following results were obtained: (1) SAP showed a tendency to reduce slumps due to absorption of the concrete mixture. (2) It was possible to verify that concrete condensation did not occur during the penetration resistance test and that the initial curing did not lead to reactions within the mixture. (3) Adding more than 0.6% of SAP for dry curing resulted in greater compressive strength at all ages than OPC, with the highest compression strength of 0.9% after 56 days. (4) Regarding abrasion resistance, it was found that adding SAP was 30~50% better than adding the OPC mixture, and at 0.9% compression strength, abrasion resistance showed the best performance. (5) In the chlorine ion immersion resistance experiment, the passing charge of the OPC mixture was rated “high,” but it was rated “normal” in SAP. The results showed that the addition of SAP improved the water density of concrete due to internal curing effects, and that it showed the greatest chlorine ion penetration resistance for a compressive strength of 0.9%. (6) Regarding plastic shrinkage resistance, cracks did not occur on the surface until the end of the experiment, but the plastic shrinkage rate upon addition of SAP was relatively low compared to that of the OPC mixture. CONCLUSIONS : Recent studies have shown that internal curing techniques can be applied using SAP to prevent shrinkage due to the loss of water and to decrease the effects of hydration. If internal curing effects are expressed using SAP, it is thought that contraction due to a loss of moisture and reduction in sign language reaction can be prevented.

PURPOSES: This study developed a new backfill method for mini trenching. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the new backfill method in the field. METHODS: In this study, asphalt pavement was created to verify mini trenching. Trenching test sections were then made in various trench widths in the asphalt pavement. The trench widths were 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and 25 cm. For the trenching test section, a general backfill method and new backfill method (2-layer SCB) were devised and applied. To evaluate the test section, a vehicle loading test and FWD (falling weight deflectometer) test were performed. RESULTS : In the vehicle loading test, the duct vertical strain of the general section was up to 22 times larger than that of the 2-layer SCB section. According to the results of the FWD test, the D0 deflection of the 2-layer SCB section was smaller than that of the general section. These results indicate that 2-layer SCB has a good structural performance. With the use of FWD data, BLI (base layer index) and MLI (middle layer index) were analyzed. BLI is an indirect index for evaluating base layer. The BLI of the 2-layer SCB section was smaller than that of the general section, because the bottom layer (cellular mortar) of the 2-layer SCB is superior to that of the general section. MLI, on the other hand, is an indirect index for evaluating subbase layer. As the trench width increases, MLI increases. The MLI of the 2-layer SCB section was smaller than that of the general section. These results indicate that the damage is relatively greater when the trench width increases and that the 2-layer SCB strengthens a relatively weakened subbase. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the performance of the 2-layer SCB was analyzed. The results of the study showed that good performance was obtained when 2-layer SCB was applied to a mini trenching section.

PURPOSES : It is necessary to clarify the rheological properties of cement paste as a basic research in the development of mechanistic concrete mix design. The rheological properties of cement paste with different binder types, mix propositions, and with/without high range water reducers have been analyzed. METHODS: In this study, ordinary Portland cement, fly-ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and limestone powder were used as binders. The range of water-binder ratio was 0.3-0.5, and a total of 30 different mixes have been tested. The slump flow test, V-funnel test, and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test were performed to analyze the rheological properties of cement paste. RESULTS : As a result of the slump flow test, it was found that the composition ratio of the binder contents greatly affected the paste flow when the high range water reducers were added. The results of V-funnel test showed that when the water-binder ratio was decreased without high range water reducers, the binder composition ratio had a large effect on the passing time of the V-funnel tester, but with high range water reducers the impact of the binder composition ratio was decreased. The slump flow and V-funnel have a certain relationship with the rheological factors (yield stress and plastic viscosity), but the correlation was not significant. Finally, we proposed the M-value considering the density and specific surface area of the binder. The correlation between rheological factors and M-value were better demonstrated than experimental values, but there is still a limit to predict the rheological factor in general mix design. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the rheological properties of cement paste were analyzed. The binder type, composition ratio of binder, and with/without high range water reducers have combined to provide the complex effects on the rheological properties of cement paste. The correlation between the proposed M-value and rheological factor was found to be better than experimental results, but needs to be improved in the future.

한국건설기술연구원은 국도 3호선 회천-상패 구간에 콘크리트포장의 장기공용성을 관측하기 위해 시험시공을 실시하였다. 포장단면은 JCP(줄눈콘크리트포장)와 CRCP(연속철근콘크리트포장)로 구성하였으며, JCP는 슬래브 두께를 20cm～30cm로 변화를 두어 3개 단면으로 구성하였고, CRCP는 슬래브 두께를 20cm, 25cm로 하여 2개 단면으로 구성하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 구간에 FWD(falling weight deflectometer)시험을 통해 단면별 처짐량 및 LTE(load transfer efficiency)를 분석하였다. 재하하중은 4.5ton으로 하였으며, 재하위치는 슬래브 중앙부와 줄눈부(또는 균열부)로 하였다. 또한 측정시간을 7시, 11시, 14시, 17시로 나누어 실험을 수행하였다. FWD 실험결과, CRCP 4단면(슬래브 두께 25cm)은 전체 5개 단면 중 시점에 따른 처짐량 변동폭이 가장 작았으며, 또한 균열사이 중앙부와 균열부의 처짐량 차이도 가장 작게 나타났다. 해당 단면의 경우 전체적으로 슬래브 중앙부 D0 처짐량이 약 70～80 ㎛를 나타내었다. JCP 1단면(슬래브 두께 30cm)의 슬래브 중앙부 처짐량은 약 60～90㎛을, JCP 2단면(슬래브 두께 25cm)는 약 80～100㎛을, JCP 3단면(슬래브 두께 20cm)은 120～220㎛ 정도를 나타내고 있어, 슬래브 두께가 얇아질수록 슬래브 중앙부 처짐량은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. CRCP 단면의 균열 사이 중앙부 처짐량 변동이 재하시점에 따라 최대 약 10㎛ 정도로 나타났는데, 상대적으로 JCP의 슬래브 중앙부 처짐량 변동은 CRCP 보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 JCP 슬래브 두께가 얇을수록 변동폭이 더 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. CRCP 균열부의 LTE가 모든 시점에서 90% 이상을 나타내어 상당히 우수한 것으로 평가되었으며, JCP 줄눈부의 경우 대체적으로 약 80% 이하를 나타내었다. 또한 JCP의 경우 줄눈부에 따라 LTE가 크게 변동하는 것으로 나타나 줄눈부 시공품질의 변동성이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 재하 시점에 따른 LTE 변동은 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 볼 때, JCP의 경우 슬래브 상하단 온도 차이에 따른 상향컬링과 하향컬링이 슬래브 처짐량에 영향을 크게 미치지만, 이것이 LTE에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.