The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

IUU 어업 규제를 위한 국제사회 및 관련 국제기구의 다각적인 노력이 진행되고 있음에도 불구하고, 최근 세계 주요 원양어업강대국인 우리나라는 국제사회로부터 IUU 어업의 근절의지에 대한 많은 문제점을 지적받고 있다. 향후 국제사회로부터 우리나라가 'IUU 가담 국가' 또는 ‘비협력적 제3국’으로 지정된다면, 국가 이미지 실추와 함께 수산물 수출 및 항만이용에 상당한 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 현 시점에서 우리나라는 IUU 어업에 대한 법적 제재 강화 및 후속조치의 철저한 이행 등을 통한 국제사회로부터의 신뢰 회복이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 IUU 어업 규제를 위한 국제적 규범과 주요 국가들의 국내법을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 국내법 내용과 한계를 파악하여 향후 이에 대한 법제적 개선방안을 제시한다.