We experienced an 18-month-old patient with congenital lobar emphysema who underwent one-lung ventilation. With con-sideration that positive pressure ventilation could induce cardiopulmonary distress, induction was performed with spontane-ous breathing using sevoflurane without neuromuscular blocking agent. Bronchospasm occurred after intubation and posi-tion change, twice. He was relieved by administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. We discussed induction methods with minimal positive-pressure ventilation and the treatments for bronchospasm.