이미지 인식에 특화된 CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) 기반의 딥러닝 기법은 영상의 항목별 분류가 필요한 다양한 연구에 적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 건물, 도로, 논, 밭, 산림, 나지의 6가지 항목을 산림복원 대상 후보지로 정의하고 CNN 기반의 산림복원 대상 후보지 추출 및 분류의 최적 방법론을 탐색하였다. 6,640개의 데이터셋을 75:25의 비율로 훈련(4,980개) 및 검증(1,660개)로 구분하여 구축하고 학습에 활용하였다. 모델별 정확도는 픽셀정확도(PA), 평균 교차 겹침 결합(Mean IoU)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 픽셀정확도는 90.6%, 평균 교차 겹침 결합은 80.8%로 산정되어 Inception-Resnet-v2 모델이 세 모델 중 가장 산림복원 대상 후보지 추출에 뛰어난 정확도를 보였다. 이 결과는 기존의 산림복원 대상 후보지 현장조사 혹은 항공사진을 활용한 조사에 비해 시공간적 이점을 가지며, 향후 산림복원 대상지 선정 자료로 적용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

Laparoscopy is frequent used to assist the diagnosis and treatment of various surgical department. However, complications associated with the procedure including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumopericardium, and air embolism have been reported. Incidence of subcutaneous emphysema during extraperitoneal laparoscopic surgery has been reported 99%. We report the case of a 76 years old female patient who had subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. After developing hypercapnia, we increased the minute ventilation and lowered the CO2 gas insufflation pressure. Until the end of the operation, the patient’s vital signs did not change and end tidal CO2 was not increased any more.

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) has been described as a specific anesthesia service for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures performed under local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia, titrated to a level preserving spontaneous breathing and airway reflexes. Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) is a kind of methods to remove benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) by inducing the irreversible injuries with the use of an ultrasound-guided RF electrode placed inside the nodules. A 37 years old, 157 cm, 81 kg woman underwent RFA of BTNs under MAC. We present with a case report where laryngospasm under MAC was resolved by the use of positive pressure ventilation without any complications.

Acute upper airway obstruction can cause negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE). It is a well-known perianesthetic complication, but is uncommon for intubated patients. Radiation injury of lung can easily lead to pulmonary hemorrhage or NPPE caused by changes of transthoracic or transpulmonary pressure. It is due to injury of alveolar-capillary membrane by radiation. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with a history of radiation therapy for lung cancer after surgical resection who developed the abrupt onset of pulmonary hemorrhage and NPPE during general anesthesia for hydrocele and inguinal hernia operation.

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy has higher stone free rate compared with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Ureteroscopyassociated complications are flank pain, transient hematuria, ureteral perforation, ureteral avulsion, and sepsis. Among these, sepsis is most serious complication with the incidence of about 1%. We report a case of sepsis and septic shock that developed immediately after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. It was diagnosed with elevated lactate and procalcitonin values. It was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was detected in preoperative urine culture and postoperative blood culture.

There are many cases of peripheral nerve injury by patient position during perioperative period. It is thought to occur by compression or traction and ischemia of nerves. We had an experience that injury of common peroneal nerve below fibular head occurred by lithotomy positon during operation for urethral stricture under spinal anesthesia. Because the nerve injury can be reduced by some caution, it is important to be well-informed about and predict the risk of peripheral neuropathy during lithotomy position.

We experienced an 18-month-old patient with congenital lobar emphysema who underwent one-lung ventilation. With con-sideration that positive pressure ventilation could induce cardiopulmonary distress, induction was performed with spontane-ous breathing using sevoflurane without neuromuscular blocking agent. Bronchospasm occurred after intubation and posi-tion change, twice. He was relieved by administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. We discussed induction methods with minimal positive-pressure ventilation and the treatments for bronchospasm.