High-resolution magnetic resonance (HR-MR) imaging in intracranial atherosclerotic disease poses a greater challenge in the neurologic fields. Because a high in-plane resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio are required for vessel wall imaging. HR-MR can depict the morphologies of atherosclerotic plaques, arterial walls, and surrounding structures in the intracranial and cervical carotid arteries. HR-MR also can be observed with traditional luminal evaluation. Differentiating vulnerable from stable plaques and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques are vital parts of the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of stroke with atherosclerosis. HR-MR is the most important and popular vessel wall imaging technique for directly evaluating the vascular wall and intracranial artery disease. Intracranial artery atherosclerosis, dissection, moyamoya disease, vasculitis, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome also can be diagnosed and differentiated by using HR-MR. Here, we review the radiologic features of intracranial artery disease and vertebral artery dissection on HR-MR.

This study aimed to identify initial predictive factors of meningitis among the febrile neonates. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 147 cases who admitted the neonatal intensive care unit due to fever (temperature ≥ 38.0 ℃) from 2010 to 2014. Lumbar puncture was performed on every case before administration of antibiotics. 37 cases (25.2%) were diagnosed as meningitis, who included 7 cases of bacterial meningitis (4.8%). When we compared meningitis group with non-meningitis group (110 patients), moaning was statistically higher in meningitis group. In a comparison of bacterial meningitis with aseptic meningitis (30 patients), grunting, fever peak on admission day and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in bacterial meningitis group.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease is a very rare systemic immunologic disease, but most patients show improvement without specific treatment. However, when confined to the breast, it is difficult to exclude from malignancy since they are share similar radiographic characteristics. Thus, we report a case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease confined to the breast that pathological confirmation is needed to diagnose the disease via core needle biopsy or surgical excision.

Myxomas are benign, slow-growing, locally invasive neoplasms derived from mesenchymal elements. Infantile myxoma (odontogenic or sinonasal) is extremely rare and usually occur in children older than 10 years of age. A 18-month-old boy presented with a painless, enlarging elevated lesion in left paranasal area. Physical examination revealed a firm, non-tender, bony-like elevation in the left nasal bone- maxilla bone transition zone that extended to the level of the inferior orbital rim, adjacent to the nasal bone. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed a well-defined, hypodense, multilocular lesion with a peripheral hyperdense circumference, involving the anterior wall of the maxilla, from the pyriform aperture to the level of orbital floor, adjacent to the nasal bone. Surgery was performed using an external approach. The microscopic evaluation showed loosely arranged spindle cells spaced in a rich myxoid matrix. Although rare, sinonasal myxoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of slow-growing, well-defined lesions of the face and jaws in infants.

Three-way Philadelphia (Ph) variant translocation is rarely found in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report a 3-way Ph variant t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2) which was detected for the first time in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a combined novel variant t(1;15)(q11;q24). The patient was a 56-year-old woman and was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Karyotypic analysis showed 46,XX, t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2),der(15)t(1;15)(q11;q24). t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2) was reported only in patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Additional FISH showed 1q trisomy and supported the accurate detection of der(15)t(1;15)(q11;q24). Further studies are necessary to discover genes involved in development of the novel variant and the significance of the novel variant.

Micrococcus lutus is common gram-positive aerobic cocci present in soil, water, dust, and the skin of humans and animals. A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain and a turbid peritoneal dialysate. He was empirically treated with intraperitoneal (IP) cefazolin and ceftazidime. Seven day after admission, Gaffkya species was identified from the peritoneal effluent. He was treated with same organism one month ago and discharged with the dialysis catheter intact. So, we suspected that organism is true pathogen, and identified M. luteus by culture. We changed the antibiotics to cefoxitin, which were given for the total of 14 days. This is the first report of relapsing peritonitis by M. luteus and successful treatment without catheter removal.

There are many cases of peripheral nerve injury by patient position during perioperative period. It is thought to occur by compression or traction and ischemia of nerves. We had an experience that injury of common peroneal nerve below fibular head occurred by lithotomy positon during operation for urethral stricture under spinal anesthesia. Because the nerve injury can be reduced by some caution, it is important to be well-informed about and predict the risk of peripheral neuropathy during lithotomy position.