The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of liver and gallbladder in patients with acute hepatitis A during transabdominal ultrasonography (US). In this study, we included 61 patients with acute hepatitis A and 50 controls. Wall thickness and lumen diameter of gallbladder were measured for determined the mural edema and hypertonicity of gallbladder. To evaluate the hepatic size and stiffness, two sagittal images of the left lobe of the liver were obtained during the resting state (resting image) and at full inspiration (stress image). The elongation rate was calculated by a formula: (L2-L1/L1)×100 (%); where L1 and L2 are the length of the liver for both the resting and stress image. The elongation rate was compared between controls and patients with acute hepatitis A. The wall thickness and lumen diameter of gallbladder were 7.0±3.5mm, 10.2±9.9mm, respectively. In 21 cases (34%), the lumen of gallbladder was collapsed. The mean diameter of left lobe in patients with acute hepatitis A (10.3±1.4cm)was larger than that of controls (8.2±1.1cm). The elongation rate in patients with acute hepatitis A (8.0±8.8%) was smaller than that of controls (25.5±13.4%). Robust US findings in patients with acute hepatitis A were edematous gallbladder with collapse and hepatomegaly with stiffness.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with compression hip screw and wiring. Twenty one cases of intertrochanteric fractures of the 20 patients treated with compression hip screw and wiring between January 2009 and December 2013 were analyzed. Twenty cases were united and the mean union time was 17.5 weeks. The results of treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures with compression hip screw were relatively satisfactory.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate which clinicopathologic factors are associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 402 cases of PTC were divided into two groups: CNLM (+) and CLNM (-). In univariate analysis, CLNM showed correlation with sex, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, extrathyroid extension, and distance from the capsule. In multivariate analysis, male gender, >1 cm of tumor size, multifocallity and extrathyroid extension were significant risk factors for CLNM. Findings of this study suggest that clinicians should pay attention to the above mentioned significant risk factors when examining lymph node (LN) for deciding LN dissection.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Optiscope video system for anesthesia. Intubation was successful in all 60 patients. The first attempt success rate was 85%. The median time (IQR) [range] to intubation was 20 sec (14-43) [8- 420]. Seven patients required two attempts and in two patients, intubation of the trachea was achieved on a third attempt. The Optiscope video system is an effective and safe device for use in endotracheal intubation in adult patients with normal airways. Conduct of further clinical studies will be necessary to evaluate its role in patients with anticipated difficult airways.

A case of three primary malignancies in one patient is rare. We report on a case of three primary malignancies including myxofibrosarcoma, renal cell cancer, and prostate cancer in one 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) evaluation of a 75-year-old man. PET/CT showed different FDG meabolism in each tumor.

Infected aneurysm occurs in 3 to 15% of infective endocarditis patients. Most commonly it involves cerebral arteries and others involve the great arteries and coronary artery. Infected aneurysms of peripheral arteries are rare and most associated with intravenous drug abuse. We describe a rare Korean case of infective endocarditis with infected aneurysm of the brachial artery, which was treated successfully with surgical management.

Albendazole is the most commonly used medication worldwide for parasitic infestation. Albendazole may induce side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and headache, however hepatotoxicity is rare. A 37-year old woman was admitted to the hospital due to headache. Her child had been repeatedly infected with enterobius vermicularis, therefore she took albendazole three times for prophylactic purposes. The patient was diagnosed with hepatotoxicity induced by Albendazole based on a history of drug use; clinical symptoms and laboratory tests improved after ceasing drug administration, with a Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score of 12.

Macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFV-PTC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma. The tumors are easily misdiagnosed as benign due to their macrofollicular structures with bland-looking cytologic findings. The author experienced a rare case of MFV-PTC with pelvic bone metastasis 10 years after initial surgery. The patient was a 55-year-old female with a history of right thyroid lobectomy. The encapsulated nodule consisted of variable sized follicles with no nuclear atypia. The initial diagnosis was a nodular hyperplasia. She had recently suffered from pelvic discomfort due to metastasizing thyroid carcinoma. The thyroid was reevaluated and revised as MFV-PTC.