The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of temperature and humidity on the measured Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations recorded by PMS5003T, a low-cost light scattering type measuring tool. A regression analysis was performed on the ratio of PM concentrations measured by the light scattering method and the beta-ray absorption method according to temperature and humidity in an outdoor environment. As the temperature decreased, the PM concentration ratio increased, and this tendency intensified below 0oC. As the humidity increased, the PM concentration ratio increased, but the effect was less than the temperature effect. The coefficients of determination for temperature and humidity were R2 = 0.325 and 0.003, respectively, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the measured values w ere formulated and compensated for. As a result of the compensation, R2, relative precision, accuracy and RMSE improved from 0.927 to 0.958, from 91.183% to 96.651%, from 31.383% to 74.058%, and from 13.517 μg/m³ to 6.690 μg/m³, respectively. Finally, results from this study indicate that the reliability of the low-cost light scattering type PM sensor can be improved by applying the temperature and humidity compensation method.

PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to develop the eco-friendly pavement material using polyurethane binder and evaluate mechanical properties of the developed binder and concrete. METHODS : The bending beam test was conducted to select the sample candidates of polyurethane binder based on the bending strength. The characteristics of viscosity, curing time, and temperature change of sample binder was examined on different temperature conditions. The mechanical properties of polyurethane binder was estimated using the dynamic modulus testing. The indirect tensile strength test was conducted on polyurethane binder concrete with different gradation and binder content for evaluating the mechanical properties of concretes. RESULTS : Based on the beading beam test, four different binder samples were prepared for estimate the mechanical properties. The viscosity of polyurethane binder tends to increase with increase of liquid temperature and the hardening phenomenon begins 10 to 15 minutes at room temperature after mixing the resin and hardener. It is observed that the dynamic modulus of binder increases as loading frequency increases and change of modulus is found to be the highest in the PU-2I binder type. The PU-2I binder concretes shows the largest value of indirect tensile strength and indirect tensile energy. CONCLUSIONS : The use of polyurethane binder as pavement materials is capable of increasing the pavement performance and reducing the detrimental environmental effect during the highway construction.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of castor oil based bio-polymer concrete for use of ultra thin overlays. METHODS : To evaluate the mechanical properties of bio-polymer concrete, the various laboratory tests including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, and elongation tests were conducted on bio-polymer concrete specimens in this study. The mechanical characteristics of bio-polymer concretes were examined by changing the content of hardener and polymer binder to determine the optimum content for ultra-thin overlays. The bio-polymer concrete developed in this study was used for field trial test of the ultra-thin bridge deck pavement for verifying the workability and monitoring the long-term performance of materials. RESULTS : Test results showed that tensile and the flexural strength of bio-polymer concretes increase and the elongation of bio-polymer concrete decreases with increase of binder content. A field adhesive strength tests conducted on bridge deck pavement indicates the bio-polymer concrete has more than 2MPa of adhesive strength satisfy with the design criteria. CONCLUSIONS : The bio-polymer concrete with more than 20% content of castor oil was developed for ultra-thin overlays in this study. It is found from this study that the 35% of hardener content is most appropriate for maintaining the strength characteristics and flexibility.

The Korean Peninsula has experienced regime shift (RS) in winter temperature since the mid-1980s. After the RS, monthly mean temperature significantly increased by 1.05°C in December with 95% confidence level, 1.36°C in January with 99% confidence level, and 1.60°C in February with 99% confidence level, respectively. Interestingly there is no RS in warm winter with 95% confidence level while there is a clear RS in cold winter with 99% confidence level, especially in December and January (DJ), indicating that the RS of winter temperature is mainly due to an abrupt temperature shift in December and January after the RS. Composite analysis suggests that abrupt shift in January after the RS is related to the reduction in sea level pressure (SLP) between Siberian high and Aleutian low, leading to anomalous southerly. However, abrupt shift in December is closely related to the propagation of Rossby wave spanning from the weakening of Ural high to negative anomaly over the North Pacific via high pressure anomaly over the Korean Peninsula, leading to adiabatic heating. Wave activity flux analysis suggests that the abrupt shift of DJ and the associated high pressure anomaly over the Korean Peninsula is induced by the propagation of Rossby wave spanning from North Atlantic Ocean to the Korean Peninsula via the Arctic, especially in cold winter.

Medical schools have a social accountability to educate competent medical trainees and to improve the quality of medicine. Accreditation Board for Medical Education in Korea was established as an accreditation board in 1993. Now, Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE) was opened and assessed the medical curricula and environments of each medical school which included medical educational contents, teaching-learning methods, assessment, students’ elections, medical facilities and the supporting system. KIMEE will assess each medical school with new items, called ‘ASK 2019’ starting from Year 2019. According to ASK 2019, KIMEE will assess 92 basic items and 51 excellence items which are 9 domains of mission and outcome, educational curriculum, students’ assessment, students, medical professors, educational resources, educational assessment, administration and management of school, continual improvement. We will actively prepare the budget, human resources, new medical curriculum, various teaching-learning and assessment methods, administration supporting system and medical facilities to pass the accreditation of medical education and evaluation.

In Korea, most of college of medicine have runned integrated curriculum of system-centered or organ-centered subjects until now. But after graduation, medical students practically face on the patients who have symptoms, real problems. At that time, to resolve real problems of the patients, medical students need clinical reasoning and problem solving ability. After gradua-tion, through integrated curriculum of system-centered or organ-centered subjects, most medical students didn’t have a suit-able clinical competency to solve the real problems such as headache, epigastric pain, depression. So we need a new curricu-lum such as a clinical presentation curriculum to evoke more clinical reasoning and problem solving ability. The Korean Association of Medical Colleges (KAMC) selected 105 clinical presentations of the patients and published the learning out-comes of basic medical educations to have a clinical competency as primary physicians after graduation of medical school. So we have to learn the history taking, physical examination, possible diagnoses, appropriate investigation, natural history, prognosis and complications of the diagnosed conditions and prevention, treatment and management complications of treat-ment of 105 clinical presentations. Now, I will investigate the Objectives for the Qualifying Examination of Medical Council of CANADA and review the existing medical literature to provide practical insight into the clinical presentation curriculum introduced by University of Calgary. And I will suggest a model of a new curriculum as a clinical presentation curriculum of our university.

The goal of medical education is to make a desirable physician who is needed and wanted from community. The images of this ideal physician has changed over the years. We analysed the questionnaires about a good doctor which were answered by 472 students of one university except for medical, dental, nursing and pharmaceutical students. The excellent physician was regarded as a competent doctor 251 (53.2%), a doctor who is good at explanation 154 (32.6%), and a kind doctor 65 (13.8%) and etc. The mean reliability score for physician was 3.4 and for medical services 3.3, by 5-point Likert scale. The survey subjects thought that medical education to make a good physician should include communication skills (27%), medical skills (26%), medical knowledge (19%), courtesy (11%) & etc.