The spectral types of stars can be classified by using Balmer discontinuity(DB DB ) and wavelength(λB λB ) expressed in terms of effective temperatures appeared in Balmer discontinuity. In this research, in order to classify stars, we used the well established observational data of high dispersion spectrophotometry for the spectral types and luminosity classes of stars in the Breger(1976) catalogue. Balmer discontinuity by effective temperatures of stars was accurately measured, and the λB λB was replaced to luminosity classes of MK system, because of the close relationship between the As and luminosity classes. We measured the energy gradients(ϕR ϕR ) of stars which were expressed as a function of spectral types in the interval of λλ4,000∼4600\AA λλ4,000∼4600\AA , and then obtained a new physical parameter(ϕ ϕ ) from the DB DB and ϕB ϕB . The new parameter, ϕ ϕ can be used instead of HD classifications of stars and can be used widely for spectrophotometrical classifications of stars.

This paper was made for the purpose of research for direction on earth science subject matter of high school in Korea. For this purpose, we 1) reviewed the essence of science and goals and contents of science education, 2) reviewed the change of education of earth science subject matter, 3) investigated earth science teacher's opinion by questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. Earth science subject matter must provide to students scientific process and knowledge - Process : to promote student's concerns for an interest in nature surrounding them, to help students develop and method in solving problems and its application for problem solving, recognition of variables of scientific method, to promote fundamental experiment and skills for scientific inquiry, etc. - Knowledge : provide systematic knowledge than simple rote, to help students understand concepts of recent scientific knowledge, contains STS, etc. 2. Earth science education must consider educational philosophy and educational psychology education of scientific literacy, partial professional education, conformity of development stage, sequence between school levels, attitudes to adaptation of scientific knowledge, method, skills and problem solving toward future positive attitudes to science, moral sense of science, minimum essense and difference of lines, open of upper limit, understanding the specific character of earth science, scientific knowledge development continuously, relationships of other subject matter, etc.

The problem of contemporary curriculum is extracted by rationale of curriculum and our last nation's curricula in the middle school. As the results, it is problems in goals and learning contents, level and quantity of contents, ratio of science region, constitution's ratio of activity and information, experiments, practical science, content of science history and science and society, uniformity of contents, integrated science. The problem is analysed to study of improvement plan for the selection and organization of contents of science in the middle school. Resulting of these analyses this study states to improve plan for curriculum of middle school in Korea.

We present recent data of absolute measurements of flux emmitted in the visible continua of some galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, carried out by means of a two-channel scanner built up cooperatively by the Observatoire de Lyon and the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale. Our measurements lead to the determination of stellar angular diameters which enable us to compute log L∗/L⊙ L∗/L⊙ and to locate the WR stars in the HR diagram: The WR stars are cooler than the zero age main sequence (ZAMS) and the WN7, WN8 types appear more luminous than other subclasses. The stellar wind terminal velocities, V∞ V∞ , deduced from the empirical relation of the effective temperatures by Underhil1(1983) and V∞ V∞ adopted from the work of Willis(1982) show about 2,000km/s. We derived the rate of mass loss for the program stars from the formula, ˙ M=ε(Teff)L/V∞⋅c M˙=ε(Teff)L/V∞⋅c by using the obtained effective temperatures, luminosities and V∞ V∞ in this work. Their values range from ˙ M=1.4×10−5 M˙=1.4×10−5 to ˙ M=5.8×10−5 ˙ M⊙/yr M˙=5.8×10−5M˙⊙/yr .

The effective temperatures and the bolometric corrections of 0-G type stars and derived from de-reddened monochrometric and integrated fluxes obtained by absolute spectrophotometry on the ground and satellite (IUE, 1985, OAO : Code and Meade, 1979 ; Code et al., 1980), using the method simillar to that of Code et al.(1976) with the LTE model atmospheres by Kurucz(1979). The effective temperatures and the bolometric corrections derived from this work are found to be in good agreement with those of Code et al. (1976), Morossi and Malagnini (1985), Malagnini et al. (1985) etc., being significant for basic astrophysical quantities.