The CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) system for science teaching has been increasing both in quantity and in quality during the last two decades. However, science learning by computer has not played a leading role in the science teaching process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tutorial CAI programs according to the learner's characteristics such as sex, inquiry skills, scientific attitudes, logical thinking skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement in science teaching. One group pretest-posttest design was used as an experimental design. The three tutorial science CAI programs were used for thirty males and females selected in grade eight. According to the analysis of CAI achievement scores the female students showed significantly higher (P$lt;0.05) than the male students. Also one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation. The significant difference on the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation has not found. The effects of tutorial CAI between logical thinking skills, scientific attitudes, inquiry skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement according to upper and lower levels were investigated by using the statistical analysis of one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that tutorial CAI might provides a good opportunities for the improvement of science achievement to the lower level students of science attitudes, inquiry skills, science content achievement.
The problem of contemporary curriculum is extracted by rationale of curriculum and our last nation's curricula in the middle school. As the results, it is problems in goals and learning contents, level and quantity of contents, ratio of science region, constitution's ratio of activity and information, experiments, practical science, content of science history and science and society, uniformity of contents, integrated science. The problem is analysed to study of improvement plan for the selection and organization of contents of science in the middle school. Resulting of these analyses this study states to improve plan for curriculum of middle school in Korea.
Temperature depth profiles measured in permafrost and western Utah generally represent anomalous curvatures. The accurate climate change can not be resolved with existing geothermal data, but general magnitude and timing explain the model of global warming. Differences between borehole temperatures observed in different intervals may concur with modeled temperature differences computed from the nearest air temperatures. This agreement indicates that boreholes are recording climate change.
Intermediated-basic plutons in Jirisan area consist of Pre-Cambrian anorthosite and gabbro, and Jurassic diorite and syenite. Many of bodies of massif type anorthosite are multi-intrusion and intruded by gabbroic rock which compose gabbro, norite, troctolite and leucogabbro. Younger intermediated plutons intruded into older basic plutons and formed contaminated zone at margin of basic plutons. Plagioclase of these plutons is of labradorite(An_(56∼60)) to bytownite(An_(60∼86)) in anorthosite, andesine(An_(35∼49)) in diorite and andesine(An_(30∼41)) in syenite: Continuous variation of anorthosite amount in these plutons suggest that basic and intermediated plutons are a series of differentiated product from two co-magma. Pyroxenes are correspond to salite of CPX, and hypersthene of OPX, and show continuous variation of component diopside to hedenbergite in salite and enstatite to ferrosilite in hypersthene. Variation of these component indicate these plutons are also a series of differentiated product from co-magma. Two synchronous plutons plotted on Harker diagram and AMF diagram show mostly similar trend to Daly's values and calcalkali rock series. Accoding to REE(La/Yb)_(cn) and Eu/Sm, it is concluded that intermediated-basic pluton having enriched LREE than HREE and emplaced by the tectonic setting in continent and/or continental margin.
This research aim to geochemical study and the abundance of the trace elements of gneisses distributed in the western region of Mt.Chirisan. Analyzing the trace elements Gke Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Zn for 205 rock samples, and average abundance, range of abundance, frequency of each element were examined. Migmatitic gneiss, metatectic gneiss, porphyroblastic gneiss, granitic gneiss of studied area are lots of average abundance of Cu, Cr, Ni, Co and avidly scattered irregularly frequencies distribution. Also these are very similar to those of shales, therefore, considered to be sedimentary origin. Leucocratic granitic gneiss have lower average abundances in all eight trace elements than those of shales and have similar trace element abundances to those of Namwon granites, therefore, this is igneous origin.
The environmental structure of T Tauri star can be understood by its continuum energy distribution. We suggest four evolutionary stages on the base of this environmental change from molecular cloud to the main sequence. A protostar is embedded in a dense envelope which can be attributed to the overall infrared region in continuum spectra. The infalling material from the envelope results in producing a hump in the mid-infrared region. This matter produces a surrounding disk around a central star afterwards. The disk emission changes the spectral index in the overall infrared region. The disk will be developed to a ring structure owing to the formation of planets by its instability and/or the cleaning effect of the inner region of the disk by a central star outflow, contributing to producing a hump in the far-infrared region. The pre-main sequence evolution points of T Tauri stars in H-R diagram strongly support the environmental structure evolution.
The magnetogram inversion technique (MIT) is a computational method for calculating the global pattern of ionospheric current using ground magnetic disturbance data as input. By assuming the ionospheric electric conductivity distribution, the technique makes it further possible to estimate the distribution patterns of such electrodynamic quantities as electric field, electric potential, field-aligned current and Joule heating rate. Although the MIT is an indirect method, it provides instantaneous electrodynamical pictures of the entire polar ionosphere with a high time resolution while more direct measurements by radar, rocket and satellite are vital to understand the ionospheric phenomena but they provide informations only over a limited area. Since the output of the MIT are very sensitive to the choice of the ionospheric conductivity distribution, a companion paper will be devoted to the topic. Various electrodynamic quantities over the polar ionosphere, which are now available through the magnetogram inversion technique, will be also discussed in another companion paper.