In recent years, airport construction projects have been promoted in island regions such as Gadeokdo, Baengnyeongdo, Ulleungdo, and Heuksando. However, a systematic review of the potential impact of aircraft noise transmitted underwater on marine life remains insufficient. This study acoustically analyzes the transmission process of airborne noise generated by aircraft as it passes through the sea surface and enters the underwater environment. The physical mechanisms are examined with a focus on transmission loss, conditions for total internal reflection, and acoustic impedance differences. In particular, the theoretical transmission coefficients of sound pressure and particle velocity at the air–water interface are reviewed and compared to the auditory reception ranges of marine organisms to assess the potential for acoustic impact. The findings of this study can serve as foundational data for establishing coastal and island airport noise management standards and formulating marine ecosystem protection policies.

This study analyzes the feasibility of operating the E190-E2 aircraft at Ulleung Airport, which has a runway length of 1,200 meters. Using aircraft manufacturer data and PACE LAB under EASA standards, takeoff and landing performance were evaluated under various environmental conditions. Results indicate that with round-trip fuel tankering, the aircraft can carry up to 106 passengers at departure and 89 at arrival under wet runway conditions. If refueling is available at Ulleung Airport, the payload capacity can increase by approximately 10 passengers. A flight test conducted at Pohang Airport supported these findings. The study suggests that minor infrastructure improvements, such as refueling facilities and limited runway extension, would make E190-E2 operations at Ulleung Airport technically feasible.