본 연구에서는 해상에서 빈번하게 발생하는 추진기 로프 감김 사고를 예방하기 위해 개발된 로프절단장치의 안전성 및 효용성 에 대한 연구를 시도하였다. 먼저 이론식과 유한요소 해석을 통하여 실선 실험에 사용될 세 종류의 로프절단장치의 볼트의 강도 및 장치가 축계에 미치는 비틀림응력을 계산하였다. 그 결과 로프절단장치에 사용된 볼트는 안전수명설계 및 손상허용설계의 관점에서 적절하게 설계된 것으로 확인되었으며, locking-up 발생 시 축계에 미치는 영향도 미미하여 안전성 또한 만족할 수 있는 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 안전성 검증을 마친 세 종류의 절단장치가 설치된 선박을 활용하여 실제로 해상에서 로프 및 어망을 절단하는 실험을 진행하였으며, 그 결과 대체적으로 실험에 사용된 20~50 mm 굵기의 로프를 잘 절단하였으나, 소형 축계에 장착된 절단장치의 경우 굵은 로프를 절단할 때는 효용성이 저하함을 알 수 있었다.

The goal of the present work was to investigate the development of a geopolymeric ceramic material from a mixture of mine residue, coal fly ash, blast furnace slag, and alkali activator solution by the geopolymer technique. The results showed that the higher compressive strength of geopolymeric ceramic material increased with an increase in active filler (blast furnace slag + coal fly ash) contents and with a reduction of mine residue contents. The geopolymeric ceramic had very high early age strength. The compressive strength of the geopolymeric ceramic depended on the added active filler content. The maximum compressive strength of the geopolymeric ceramic containing 20 wt.% mine residue was 141.2 MPa. The compressive strength of geopolymeric ceramic manufactured by adding mine residue was higher than that of portland cement mortar, which is 60 MPa, when cured for 28 days. SEM observation showed the possibility of having amorphous aluminosilicate gel within geopolymeric ceramic. XRD patterns indicate that the geopolymeric ceramic was composed of amorphous aluminosilicate, calcite, quartz, and muscovite. The Korea Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) was used to determine the leaching potential of the geopolymeric ceramic. The amounts of heavy metals were noticeably reduced after the solidification of mine residue with active filler.

Real time B-mode ultrasound was used to detect the early conceptus in 187 Korean native cattles between days 10 and 60 after last insemination. The ultrasound diagnostic findings were systemically confirmed by palpation per rectum after the 60th day of last insemination. The embryonic vesicle and the embryo proper within the veside were first visible on mean day fl and 23, respectively. The heartbeat of the embryo proper could be detected on day 26, and the limb buds, placentomes, amnion, fetal movement, umbilical cord, optic area and split hooves were first visible on day 33, 34, 34, 44.5, 45, 32 and 48, respectively. The mean length of embryo proper was 3.8mm on day 23 which later increased to 56. 6rnrn on day 60. When ultrasound was used to detect the conceptus between days 20 and 30 after insemination and palpation per rectum after the 60th day of insemination, the accuracy rates of pregnancy detection by ultrasound scanning at days 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 were 44.4, 69.2, 78.6, 87.5, 90.0, 93.3%. In summary, the early pregnancy diagnosis of Korean native cattle with ultrasound appears high accuracy rates. It is considered that ultrasound can be used in veterinary practice well.

Powder mine wastes cause secondary environmental problems from dust flying around villages. It is necessary to recycle to prevent this secondary pollution and to use its beneficial contents. Magnesium and iron may play a role like that of aluminum in geopolymer forming. In this study, therefore, we analyzed the compressive strength of geopolymer prepared from melting slag (MS) and high-magnesium iron mine waste (MW). The compressive strength increased by increasing the mixing ratio of MS and decreasing the L/S ratio. The optimal properties were obtained at a mixing ratio of MS to MW of 5 : 5, molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O of 1.8, and L/S ratio of 0.2. Under these conditions, the compressive strength at 28 days was 112.5 MPa. According to the FT-IR analysis, a geopolymer structure was identified. As a result, we confirmed the possibility of geopolymer forming from MS and MW.

An insulating brick was developed and evaluated as a potential recycling Waste Limestone (WL) with Melting Slag (MS). We aimed at analyzing the parameters affecting the insulating brick manufacture to enhance the recyclability of WL. In this study, The thermal conductivity, compressive strength and apparent porosity of prepared brick were measured with the addition of aluminum dross and the molar ratio of the alkali activator. The thermal conductivity, compressive strength and apparent porosity were 0.28 W/mK, 2.41 MPa and 44.72% respectively at a mixing ratio of 9.5 : 0.5wt%, 1.5 M SiO2/Na2O, 3wt% aluminum dross. Thus, it met the standards of insulating fire bricks (KS L 3301).

In this study, the leaching characteristics of magnesium from mine residue by acid leaching method was studied. First, It was confirmed the effect of the particle size. The particle size was selected 80 mesh in consideration of the leaching amount and recycling rate of Mg. And after, It was compared to the leaching characteristics of magnesium by H2SO4, HCl and HNO3. Among them, leaching efficiency of H2SO4 was best. After the experiments were conducted with H2SO4. The effect of various parameters such as acid concentration, reaction temperature, and liquid/solid ratio on the leaching process were investigated. It was determined that the leaching amount of magnesium increased with reaction acid concentration, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio, and decreasing particle size. Maximum leaching amount of magnesium was obtained at the condition of particle size blow 80 mesh, temperature 80oC, 6 M H2SO4, 10/1 liquid/solid ratio, 6 h of reaction time and 180 rpm.

Converter slag is discharged as by-product from steel making process. Its chemical composition is similar to that of blast furnace slag. Therefore its recyclability is high. But actually it was not widely recycled relatively. We studied to prepare insulating brick with it for enhancing the recyclability. We discussed mixing ratio of melting slag and converter slag and also additional amounts of Al-dross and NaOH as affecting factors. According to our results, 0.195 W/mK of thermal conductivity and 3.02 MPa of compressive strength were obtained at the following condition mixing ratio 60 : 40, aluminum dross 1.5wt%, NaOH 5.6wt%. It seemed that the thermal conductivity of prepared brick was decreased with increasing amount of Al-dross and NaOH. It is satisfied with the standard of insulating fire bricks (KS L3301).

최근 IT 산업의 발달함에 따라 희유금속의 사용량과 중요성이 증가되고 있다. 따라서 도시광산 사업이 발달하게 되고, 우리나라는 2011년 6월 “희소금속의 소재화 부품화를 위한 산업생태계조성” 안을 발표 미래 성장동력과의 연계성등을 고려한 11개 희유금속을 선정하였다. 이중 마그네슘은 금속재료 중 가장 가벼운 경량소재로서 자동차 경량화 부품과 노트북, 스마트폰 등 많은 전자 제품에 사용되고 있다. 하지만 현재 마그네슘은 중국으로부터 전량 수입되고 있는 실정이다. 국내의 도시 광산으로 부터 마그네슘을 얻기 위해 광미를 사용하였다. 광미는 광물을 분리하고 남은 부산물이다. 이 부산물은 처리가 어려워 매립 처리하거나 그대로 자연에 방치하고 있어 환경오염을 유발시키고 있어 광미의 재처리가 필요하다. 다양한 재활용 방법 중 유가금속 회수는 자원 고갈에 따른 재이용 및 환경보전 측면에서 중요하며, 세계적으로 광미 재처리를 시도하고 있다. 한국에서도 광미로부터 유가금속을 회수하는 연구가 진행되어왔지만 아직 마그네슘과 관련된 연구가 없으며 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 광미 내 존재하는 Mg를 용출하기 위해 산침출법을 적용하였다. 사용된 산성용액은 H2SO4(95%, 대정화금, 한국)이며, water bath shaking을 사용하여 용출실험에 주요인자인 입자크기, 온도, 산농도, L/S 비 실험을 수행하였다. 산침출후 침출액은 membrane filter를 사용하여 여과 후 여과액으로부터 Mg이온의 농도를 AAS(varian spectra AA-10/20, atomic adsorption spectrometer)로 분석하였다. Mg이온을 Mg(OH)2로 회수하기 위해 NaOH 용액을 사용하여 pH 10까지 조절하였다.

우리나라 석회석은 CaO 기준 52% 이상 고품위 석회석이 12%에 불과하여 석회적 자원을 이용한 고부가가치화 산업이 상대적으로 떨어져 있는 상황이다. 시멘트용 석회석 품질 이하의 폐석회석 또한 많이 발생되고 있는데 석회석 광산 채굴 중 발생되는 폐석회석 발생량은 약 20~30% 정도에 이른다. 이러한 폐석회석은 주로 저부가가치 골재로서 활용되어 오거나 야적 처리되어 왔다. 폐기물 소각 시 소각부산물인 바닥재 및 비산재가 발생되며, 쓰레기 용융로에서는 용융슬래그 및 비산재가 발생되게 된다. 2011년 기준 용융슬래그는 약 23,490ton/yr 발생된 것으로 조사되었다. 발생된 용융슬래그는 일부 복토재나 벽돌의 원료로 사용되고 있으나 활용처가 뚜렷하지 못하여 대부분 방치되고 있는 실정이다. Geopolymer는 Davidovits에 의해 처음 명명되었고, Si-Al로 이루어진 재료가 알칼리용액과 반응하면 Si, Al 원소가 용출되고, 이를 반응시키면 중축합 화학반응을 일으켜 3차원 중합체 체인과 Si-O-Al-O결합의 링 구조를 형성하게 된다. 이 때, 다양한 알칼리액상 조건에 따라 지오폴리머의 물리․화학적 특성이 달라진다고 알려져 있다. 대부분 건축 자재의 경우 1,200℃ 이상의 고온에서 생성되어 고에너지를 소비하게 되는데 지오폴리머 기술을 사용하면 70℃에서 충분한 강도가 발현된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 폐석회석, 용융슬래그의 재활용률을 높이고자 지오폴리머 기술을 이용하여 단열블록을 제조하고자 하였다. 또한 제조한 단열블록의 열전도율을 낮추기 위한 방안으로 발포제 블랙 알루미늄 드로스를 첨가하여 블록을 제조하였으며, 이 때 제조 조건에 따른 블록의 물리적 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 폐석회석, 용융슬래그 혼합비에 따른 단열블록의 열전도율, 압축강도, 재가열수축률, 부피비중, 기공율 등을 측정하였다. 그리고 도출된 최적조건을 통해 제조한 블록은 내화단열벽돌 기준 KS L 3301을 통해 활용가능성을 평가하였다. 이러한 특성으로부터 폐석회석을 사용하고 지오폴리머 기술에 의한 내화단열블록의 제조가 가능하다고 판단된다.

Geopolymer foam block was prepared and its characteristics discussed to evaluate the possibility of replacing blastfurnace slag (below BFS) with melting slag in this study. 10~20wt% of BFS was replaced with melting slag. And also10wt% of mine tailing was replaced with fly ash discharged from municipal solid waste incinerator (below MSWI). Thecompressive strength of foam block prepared was similar to that of foam block prepared without replacing BFS. Andalso it was increased by replacing 10wt% of mine tailing with MSWI fly ash. Considering these results, melting slagmay be used instead of BFS without damaging the quality of foam block.

Municipal solid wastes incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash and melting slag are used to prepare external panel for increasingthe recycling rate of them in this study. In case of external panel, the most important property is flexural strength. Becauseit is easily distorted by external force. Wasted glass fiber (below WGF) is used to increase the flexural strength of externalpanel. Flexural strength of prepared panel was 14.6MPa of the mixing ratio of 3.0wt% WGF. But compressive strengthwas decreased with the addition of WGF. Because L/S ratio has to be increased to enhance the workability at high additionamount of WGF. High liquid content hinders geopolymer formation. But compressive strength (about 20MPa) was notlow at this condition.

Ocean dumping of sewage sludge has been prohibited since 2012. Therefore, various methods to recycle sewage sludgeare studied And the adsorption is used to remove mercury released to the atmosphere. Chlorine and Iodine impregnatedadsorbent is used to remove mercury in the flue gas. In our study, we studied the method to recycle sewage sludge andbrewers grain as an adsorbent to remove mercury. Thermal treating time and temperature, and mixing ratio of sewage sludgeand brewers grain are discussed for the preparation of adsorbent. According to the results, the optimal condition oftemperature, time and mixing ratio was 400oC, 45min and 7:3 of sewage sludge/brewers grain, respectively. Theimpregnation of I is needed to keep the concentration of KI above 7%. I and Cl are dispersed uniformly in prepared adsorbent.

In the previous result, the flexural strength of geopolymer prepared was affected by the evaporation of water content or the shrinkage rate in the curing process of specimen. We investigated the effect of SiO2/H2O ratio on the physical property of geopolymer prepared in this research. The specimen of geopolymer tile was made from mine tailing and melting slag. The maximum flexural strength was obtained at SiO2/H2O ratio of 0.21 under our experimental condition. And the lowest was obtained at SiO2/H2O 0.41. EDS analysis was acted to elucidate this cause. According to the results, it was due to the extent of geopolymerization at the inside and outside of specimen.

In this work, the effect of CaO and Fe2O3 on the geopolymer made from mine tailing and melting slag has been studied. Geopolymer was made from mine tailing, melting slag and blast furnace slag. The mechanical property of geopolymer prepared was affected by raw material used. Compressive strength of the geopolymer using blast furnace slag was higher than the geopolymer using melting slag. Because CaO and Fe2O3 content of two-type geopolymers was different. Therefore, the content of these controled to find out how to affect the property of geopolymer. According to the result of FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), the compressive strength of geopolymer increased by activation of CS- H gel with increasing CaO content. In contrast, the compressive strength of geopolymer decreased by inhibition of geopolymerization with increasing Fe2O3 content. According to the result of XRD(X-ray diffraction), the geopolymerization was weakened by formation of olivine, goethite.

In this work, lightweight brick was prepared from aluminum dross, MS and MBA. Aluminum dross is discharged as by-product through the process of aluminum smelting. It can be used as foaming agent, because it produces hydrogen gas due to the reaction with alkali activator. In this study, the specific gravity and compressive strength of prepared brick was discussed with the addition of aluminum dross. Compressive strength, flexural strength and specific gravity was 36 MPa, 2.6 MPa and 1.48 at mixing ratio of 0.9wt% aluminum dross, respectively. The physical property of brick was debased with the addition of aluminum dross. Because the pore size was bigger in accordance with the addition of aluminum dross.