본 연구는 서울에서 강한 강수와 관련된 대기연직구조를 객관적으로 분류하고 대표 종관장과 강수 특성을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2009년부터 2018년까지 여름철 (6~8월) 서울에서 강한 강수(>15 mm hr−1 ) 시 오산에서 비양 된 레윈존데 자료에 객관적 방법을 적용하여 대기연직구조를 분류하였다. 그 결과 대기 전체가 습윤한 형태인 Thin Tube (TT) 형이 34.7% (17회), 건조한 하층 위로 습윤한 층이 존재하는 Inverted V (IV) 형이 20.4% (10회), 습윤한 하층 위로 건조한 공기가 침투하는 Loaded Gun (LG)이 20.4% (10회)로 분석되었다. TT형의 경우 SRH 값이 357.6 J kg−1으로 역학적 불안정이 큰 반면, LG와 IV형의 경우 1000 hPa부터 600 hPa까지 열적 불안정이 큰 특징을 보였다. NCEP/FNL 자료를 사용한 합성장 분석에서 TT형의 경우 기압골 전면(500 hPa)인 서해상에 저기압이 위치하여 (850 hPa) 저기압이 강화될 수 있는 종관 패턴이 형성되었다. IV와 LG형의 경우 북만주와 중국의 북동에 강한 저기압이 위치하는 종관 패턴을 보이며, 기압경도에 의한 남서기류의 유입이 상대적으로 약하였다. 강수 전반부에 강수가 집중되는 형태가 모든 유형에서 나타났으며, 특히 IV형의 경우 강수 전반 높은 강도로 강수가 집중되어 내린다. TT형의 경우 가장 많은 강수량(123.9 mm)을 보였지만 다른 유형과 비교하였을 때, 강수가 전·후반 고르게 오랜 시간 지속되는 특징을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 서울에서 강수와 관련된 고층관측자료의 이해도를 높이는 동시에 강수 예보기술 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

The development of GIS technology has enabled the analysis of heavy rainfall vulnerability based on spatial analysis. In general, spatial analysis is performed based on property data and spatial data. Spatial data and attribute data differ in the generation units due to various reasons. The difference in these units can also cause problems in the results of the analysis. In particular, the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) that occurs according to the spatial unit setting is the most representative. The Modifiable Temporal Unit Problem (MTUP), which occurs according to the recent time unit setting, is also being raised. In this study, we analyzed the vulnerability of heavy rainfall in consideration of MAUP and MTUP. To analyze the effect of the MAUP, different administrative units were constructed and analyzed. In Seoul, Busan, and Ulsan, there was a scale effect in which disaster vulnerability was analyzed differently according to the analysis unit. In order to analyze the impact of MTUP, the range of study period was configured differently. The impact of the temporal boundary, in which overall disaster characteristics change and disaster vulnerability changes, has been identified. Analysis of regional disaster vulnerability considering MAUP and MTUP will be effective not only for the study of heavy rainfall disaster but also for setting the standard of disaster prevention policy.

The disaster caused by the heavy rain results in the greatest damage Among the damages caused by the weather disaster. many previous researches actively analyzed heavy rainfall disasters. The work includes analyzing vulnerability of disaster using characteristics and size of disaster damage in local area, selecting influencing factors influencing disaster and analyzing its influence. Rainfall during the heavy rainfall disaster is concerned with regional vulnerability to rainfall. The disaster-induced rainfall averaged on scale was analyzed by classifying disaster damage scale. The damage per precipitation unit is assumed to be disaster vulnerability, and local vulnerability of disasters is analyzed and the tendency of disaster vulnerability is analyzed using a time series analysis. The total amount of rainfall during the disaster period was analyzed in a large amount of rainfall in the Seoul metropolitan area and Busan city. The analysis shows that The average rainfall per accident case is high, and the region with relatively high stability against heavy rainfall disaster is Seoul metropolitan city. Southwest regions of the Korean Peninsula are analyzed to be affected by a very small amount of precipitation. The damage analysis shows that Busan Metropolitan City and the metropolitan area are relatively safe area against disaster. The analysis of disaster vulnerability based on the precipitation during the heavy rainfall disaster provides a clear classification of vulnerability by region.

Refeeding syndrome is defined as a potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes, which may occur in malnourished patients receiving rehabilitative refeeding. A young man presented with muscle weakness and leg pain. He had adhered to a strict low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet for five months in preparation for a bodybuilding competition. He ate a large amount of carbohydrate rich foods and consumed water immediately after the competition. Laboratory findings showed hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and elevated levels of serum creatine phosphokinase. This case of rhabdomyolysis was caused by refeeding syndrome in a young man who had followed a strictly controlled diet.

Generally, the distortion of the negative feedback amplifier is reduced by a factor equal to the return difference (1+β1A1), but the proposed feedforward amplifier is reduced by a factor equal to the square of the return difference (1+β1A1). In this paper, a feedforward amplifier with error correction is designed and implemented. So as to evaluate the characteristics of the harmonic distortion that the inverting feedforward amplifier is compared with that of the reference amplifier without feedforward error correction. It is confirmed that the proposed method should be able to reduce much greater than compared with a conventional negative feedback amplifier. Therefore it should be noted that the proposed feedforward amplifier network is also acceptable for wide-band amplifiers and the network which is demanded to improve the harmonic distortion.