The present study sought to examine the meanings and the discourse functions of the auxiliary particle ‘man’ in Korean texts and discourses in order to apply to Korean language education. To this end, 3,994 examples extracted from Korean written and spoken corpus were examined. The results suggest that the particle ‘man’ has three meanings: (a) limits of objects, events and situation, (b) limits of scope, and (c) emphasis of degree. The particle ‘man’ has the implication of negation of all excluding the preceded words. Furthermore, the distributions of the particle ‘man’ are changeable according to its meanings and contexts. The grammatical items related the particle ‘man’ are ‘man+un (만은), man+i (만이), man+do (만도), man+uro (만으로)’ and ‘ppun+man+anira (뿐만 아니라), N+man+V+umyun (N만 V으면)’ etc., considering the degree of fossilization and transition of their meanings. The particle ‘man’ also has many discourse functions: (a) revising a hearer’s premised expectation or general premised expectation, (b) expressing a speaker’s negative attitudes towards given events or situations, and (c) serving as a discourse strategy to express a speaker’s politeness and to reduce the burdens of a hearer.

Han, Song-Hwa. 2015. “The Language usage and Sociocultural image of Korea in 1960’s Korean language textbooks for foreign learners”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(1). 201~238. The purpose of this study is to describe the sociocultural reflection and language usage in 1960’s Korean textbooks for Korean learners as a foreign language. 1960’s is period of starting for modern Korean language education formally. The Korean textbooks in 1960’s based on audio-lingual method and focused on drills and repetitive practices. Their conversation consisted on vocabularies and grammar which are required in everyday situation. Therefore sociocultural image of those days are shown on vocabularies and conversations explicitly or implicitly. For exploring 1960’s Korean image in textbooks, I composed the corpus and investigated the frequency of use. Many vocabularies correlated with situations of those days that differed from recent Korean language textbooks. And many vocabularies underwent a change semantically. Lastly, Korean’s perception of West and Korea, the growth of Korean cities, economic difficulties and confucian thinking were shown on conversations in 1960’s Korean textbooks.

The purpose of this study is to analyze usages and functions of quotation sentences and quotation verbs in newspaper texts. The newspaper quotes have the functions of factuality, neutrality, expressiveness, expert contribution, and personal involvement. If we analyze usages of quotation verbs, we can explain the functions of quotation sentences in newspaper texts. The corpus for the study consisted of newspaper texts from '21st Century Sejong Project' corpus. It comprises around 250,000 words in newspaper reports and around 250,000 words in newspaper editorial articles. I analyzed the quotation sentences and measured the ratio of frequency of quotation verbs. The results show that the citations of statement are more than the citations of thought in newspaper reports. But the citations of thought are comparatively frequent in newspaper editorial articles. From this we may know that journalists cite other's statements mostly in newspaper reports. But editors cite their thoughts and assertions in newspaper articles more than in newspaper reports. Using the quotation sentences in reports, the journalists express that cited statements are objective and authentic. And using the quotation sentences in editorial articles, the editors show foundation for their assertion. And '-다고 하-' in articles has function of periphrasis for declining to assert.