본고는 2011년 한국한문교육학회 학술대회 이후에 나온 논문 중에서 문법 관련 논문을 중심으로 문법과 문법 교육에 대하여 살펴보고 학교에서 다루어야 할 문법의 범주에 대하여 정리한 뒤 문법교육이 나아갈 방향에 대하여 생각해 본 것이다. 2011년 이후 한문 문법과 관련한 논문들은 한문문법교육과 학교 문법에 관한 것으로 분류할 수 있다. 이들 모두의 공통된 의견은 학교 문법이 쉬워야 한다는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 문법교육에서 다루어야 할 내용을 영역별로 정리해 보았다. ‘한자’ 영역의 교육에서 가장 중요한 것은 한자 한 자에 여러 가지 뜻이 있음을 알게 하는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 한자의 대표 훈을 알도록 하는 것도 중요하지만 대표 훈에 더하여 많이 사용하는 뜻을 알려주어 한 글자가 여러 가지 뜻으로 활용된다는 점을 알게 해야 한다. 또한 ‘어휘’영역의 교육에서는 한문의 품사는 문장 안에서 어디에 쓰였는가에 따라 얼마든지 다른 품사로 활용될 수 있다는 점을 학생들에게 인지시키고 단어의 짜임은 가능하면 문장 안에서 익히도록 유도하는 것이 좋다고 생각한다. 그리고 ‘문장’영역의 지도는 ‘사자성어’를 통하여 문장의 기본구조를 익힌 다음 점차 단문으로 확장시켜 나간다면 처음부터 구조가 복잡한 문장을 익히는 것보다 공부하는데 그래도 덜 어렵게 여길 것이다. 문법 교육의 목표는 문장을 정확하게 분석하고 이해할 수 있도록 기본을 마련해 주는 것이다. 학생들의 문법에 대한 어려움으로 인하여 문법 교육을 강조하지 못하는 것이 현실임을 감안하여 문법적으로 접근하는 것보다는 풀이 위주로 한문에 접근할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

When they teach Chinese characters in school, the most popular method to read Chinese characters is to read the meaning and the pronunciation together. Ministry of Education and Human Resources posted 1,800 base characters for Chinese characters’ education but it arranged the characters only without designating the representative meaning. The representative meaning of Chinese characters is necessary not only to understand the character itself but also to interpret sentences. We define shape, pronunciation and meaning as three elements of Chinese characters and teach Chinese characters according to the elements. Generally speaking, a Chinese character can have many different meanings. The most important thing in teaching Chinese characters to beginners is to teach therepresentative meaning. As people learn Chinese characters focusing on the representative meaning and most of them think it has the defined meaning only, if we can designate the most popular and most widely used meaning as a representative meaning, it will make the most of Chinese characters. In case of notional word(實詞), they are read with representativemeaning anyhow. But form word(虛詞)s are read with Hun showing the function andsometimes part of speech itself becomes the Hun. For example, if ‘er(而)’ is applied to the interpretation of a sentence 不義而富且貴於我如浮雲[To be rich and precious without therighteousness is just like a floating cloud in the sky]’ should be interpreted like ‘What is not righteous and rich and precious is just like a floating cloud in the sky. If not, we need to explain the meaning of ‘connecting speech’ again. It is because ‘connecting speech’ is not the meaning of ‘er(而)’ but the ‘function’ of ‘er(而)’. There is a different case in preposition(介詞). We generally call ‘於’ as ‘EojosaEo’, but ‘Eojosa’ is the name of a part of speech rather than the meaning of ‘於’. Even when considering that ‘Eojosa’ is the name of part of speech, it is not correct because Revised Chinese Characters Educational Curriculum in 2007 classified ‘於’ as ‘preposition(介詞). Additionally, if the above sentence is interpreted just after teaching the letters, they will interpret as 不義而富且貴於我如浮雲[What is not righteous, rich and precious I Eojosa like a floating cloud]’. The same rule applies to similar letters. Accordingly, in this article it was tried to review the issue of representative meaning of 1,800 basic characters focusing on form words such as conjunctions, preposition(介詞) and auxiliary word(語助詞). Among 1,800 basic characters 而, 卽, 且, 則 are used as conjunctions, 於, 與, 于, 由, 以, 因, 自, 從, 乎 are used as preposition and 所, 也, 矣, 耳, 者, 哉, 之, 乎, 耶, 焉, 兮 are used as auxiliary word. Out of conjunctions, in 卽, and 且, meaning is applied during the interpretation so they are excluded from this review and 而and 則 were reviewed. In preposition, 與, 由, 以, 因, 自, 從 use meanings that are applied to the interpretation, 於, 于, and 乎 which use ‘a particle’ as Hun were reviewed. Among particles, excluding 所, 耳 and 者, 也, 矣, 哉, 之, 乎, 耶, 焉, and 兮 were reviewed. For the purpose of the study, it was tried to identify the most widely used meaning focusing on the texts in 2007 Revised Curriculum and then define the Hun as the most widely used meaning. If the representative Huns are designated in this way and students learn Chinese characters using such Huns, they may be able to approach to the usage of individual Chinese characters and we can teach Chinese characters to students more accurately.