Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) can damage thin-skinned fruits (plums, cherries, peaches, blueberries, and strawberries) by laying eggs inside the fruit. In this study, a basic experiment was conducted to investigate the preference of D. suzukii to export table grape varieties. Four varieties of grapes (Kyoho grape, Shine muscat, Campbell grape, and Black sapphire) were placed in a cage containing more than 2,500 number of D. suzukii adults for 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours and the egg-laying in grape has been induced. After 2 weeks, the number of pupae that emerged was counted. As a result, the largest number of pupae was generated in Kyoho grape among the four types of grapes, indicating that D. suzukii prefers to lay egg in Kyoho grape. Through this experiment, it was determined that 6 h was the appropriate inoculation time, and then an inoculation experiment was conducted on Kyoho grape. The total weight of the Kyoho grape used in the experiment was 36.119 kg, and a total of 2594 pupae were generated. The average number of D. suzukii per cluster was about 50. All stages of D. suzukii treated with low temperature(1℃) for 10 days were completely controlled.

Because of recent reports about phosphine resistance problem, development of effective fumigation method to control grain pests became very important. In this study, a chemical treatment, ethyl formate fumigant treatment, and a physical treatment, atmospheric control, were attempted as alternative solutions to this problem. In this study, for CA(Controlled atmosphere) treatment, 99.999% nitrogen was used to create a hypoxic condition with less than 5% oxygen, and for EF, the treatment concentration was 10 mg/L to 80 mg/L. As a result of the study, in CA single treatment, adult insects showed a mortality rate of less than 10% even after 2 weeks of treatment, and pupae and larvae showed a mortality rate 71% and 34%, but eggs showed a mortality rate of 100%. In EF single treatment, adults and larvae showed a 100% mortality rate at 80 mg/L, but eggs showed a 50% mortality rate and pupae were not affected. Considering the results, CA single treatment is not suitable for controlling Tribolium castaneum because of long treatment period, and in the case of EF single treatment, additional researches on longer treatment time is needed.

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, causes damage on several fruits include strawberry in Korea. D. suzukii lays egg inside fruit surface, and this behavior makes D. suzukii hard to detect, so many countries designated D. suzukii as a quarantine pest. Recently, Australian government demand methyl bromide fumigation on Korean export strawberry to prevent D. suzukii invasion. In this study, we tested methyl bromide to control D. suzukii, and also tested separate and concurrent treatments of methyl bromide to evaluate phytotoxicity on strawberry. When 40 g/m3 of methyl bromide was treated for 3 hours, all stages of D. suzukii were completely controlled. When treated separate and concurrent with cold temperature treatments of methyl bromide, there’s no specific phytotoxicity on strawberry. This result indicates that separate and concurrent treatments of methyl bromide do not cause phytotoxic effect on strawberry and methyl bromide is effective to control D. suzukii.

The effect of fumigation on the phosphine-susceptible and -resistant strains in the T. castaneum was evaluated using phosphine, ethyl formate, and combination with phosphine and ethyl formate (phosphine+ethyl formate). The Lethal Concentration Time (LCT)50 analysis of susceptible strains, late larva showed that phosphine (0.13 mg·h / L), ethyl formate (80.91 mg·h / L), and phosphine + ethyl formate (19.36 mg·h / L). The LCT50 of adult was 0.05 mg·h / L, 68.58 mg·h / L and 17.84 mg·h / L when treated with phosphine, ethyl formate, and phosphine + ethyl formate. The LCT50 of resistant strains, late larva was found to 33.32 mg·h / L of phosphine, 113.46 mg·h / L of ethyl formate and 129.85 mg·h / L of phosphine + ethyl formate, and the LCT50 of adult was 55.71 mg·h / L of phosphine, 85.39 mg·h / L, phosphine + ethyl formate 85.83 mg·h / L. The treatment of three fumigants (phosphine, ehtyl formate, and phosphine+ethyl formate) showed the possibility of controlling against T. castaneum of phosphine-susceptible and –resistant strains.

Stored grain pests can cause reduction of grain quantity, quality, commercial value and germination rate. Susceptibility of three fumigants, methyl bromide, ethyl formate and phosphine, were assessed on Tribolium castaneum, which is an important stored grain pest. On susceptible insects, LCT50 of phosphine was 0.654mg h/L for egg, 0.127mg h/L for late larvae, 0.105mg h/L for pupae and 0.048mg h/L for adult stage, respectively. LCT50 of methyl bromide was 33.193mg h/L for egg, 14.585mg h/L for late larvae, 8.616mg h/L for pupae and 11.967mg h/L for adult stage, respectively. LCT50 of ethyl formate were 25.165mg h/L for egg, 80.912mg h/L for late larvae, 176.326mg h/L for pupae and 68.578mg h/L for adult stage, respectively. On resistant insects, LCT50 of phosphine were 82.325mg h/L for egg, 33.315mg h/L for late larvae, 73.546mg h/L for pupae and 55.707mg h/L for adult stage, respectively. LCT50 of methyl bromide were 19.250mg h/L for egg, 43.413mg h/L for late larvae, 76.842mg h/L for pupae and 19.387mg h/L for adult stage, respectively. LCT50 of ethyl formate were 87.552mg h/L for egg, 113.457mg h/L for late larvae, 200.122mg h/L for pupae and 85.394mg h/L for adult stage, respectively.

Carbonyl sulfide(COS) is a naturally generated gas from fermentation process of microbes and from plant root and stem. COS was firstly registered as a fumigant at 1993 to control stored product pests. To supplement environmental problems and toxicity of commercial fumigants and develop new fumigant, we have processed the susceptibility assessment of carbonyl sulfide on important agricultural pests, Myzus persicae and Tetranychus urticae. Every growth stages of two insect species were tested, and five dosages of carbonyl sulfide were treated for 4 hours, and the mortality was investigated after 24 hours of treatment. Nymphal stage of M. persicae was completely controlled at more than 20 mg/L dosage, and adult stage showed 95.8% mortality at 80 mg/L dosage. The LC50 of M. persicae was 7.314mg/L for nymph and 26.117mg/L for adult stage. Egg stage of T. urticae showed 91.2% mortality when treated with 100mg/L carbonyl sulfide, and nymph and adult stage showed 100% and 94.1% mortality at 8mg/L and 80mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of T. urticae was 73.110mg/L for egg, 2.818mg/L for nymph and 12.054mg/L for adult stage.