The study about biodiversity have been reported based on the many organism (snake, lizard, acacia, fungi and so on). There are many indices like species richness and evenness and so on for identifying the biodiversity. In this study, we adopted the phylogenetic indices. The phylogenetic diversity (PD) estimates calculated by the sum of the branch length that connect species of the corresponding minimum spanning path. The phylogenetic endemism (PE) identifies geographical concentrations of phylogenetically and geographically restricted species which metrics was measured by multiplying each branch length by the part of its range found within a given area. This study aimed to detect and quantify species richness (SR), weighted endemism (WE), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) using data of Korean butterflies. The presence of 161 butterfly species, comprising 7930 records, was mapped onto 0.0625° grid cells and phylogenetic tree was constructed mainly from COI sequences used to calculate phylogenetic metrics. We illustrate the SR, WE, PD and PE using data of Korean butterfly using Biodiverse software In this study, we tested the phylogenetic indices and compared the species richness and weighted endemism. Additionally, we confirm the relationship among four indices. Using these indices, we got the results which suggest that the conservation value of different areas and hot spot of Korean butterflies easily found from Korea.

This study was conducted to find out the soil CO2 emission characteristic due to rain fall pattern and intensity changes. Using Automatic Opening and Closing Chambers (AOCCs), we have measured annual soil respiration changes in Pinus koraiensis plantation at Seoul National University experimental forest in Mt. Taehwa. In addition, we have monitored heterotrophic respiration at trenching sites (4×6 m). Based on the one year data of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, we observed that 24% of soil respiration was derived from root respiration. During the rainy season (end of July to September), soil respiration at trenching site and trenching with rainfall interception site were measure during portable soil respiration analyzer (GMP343, Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland). Surprisingly, even after days of continuous heavy rain, soil water content did not exceed 20%. Based on this observation, we suggest that the maximum water holding capacity is about 20%, and relatively lower soil water contents during the dry season affect the vital degree of trees and soil microbe. As for soil respiration under different rain intensity, it was increased about 14.4% under 10 mm precipitation. But the high-intensity rain condition, such as more than 10 mm precipitation, caused the decrease of soil respiration up to 25.5%. Taken together, this study suggests that the pattern of soil respiration can be regulated by not only soil temperature but also due to the rain fall intensity.

It has been 10 years since the first construction of wildlife crossing passage by the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Environment in 1998. The objective of this study was to suggest effective road-kill policy based on analysis of research reports and countermeasures. The research contents and methods of 26 reports published by government and public institutes were reviewed. The results were as follows. First, Korea has 379 wildlife crossing structures, the fourth most abundant number in the world, meaning the government's aggressive policy. Second, 17 reports introduced abroad case and 14 reports suggested fundamental guidelines, however, only 1 or 2 reports repeated field survey for wildlife movement around roads and crossing structure. Consequently, we inferred that Korea showed active efforts to construct countermeasures but passive to conduct fundamental field research. We suggest, therefore, road-kill policy of Korea should more invest for wide and deep field survey to understand wildlife moving habit and to monitor crossing structures.