간행물
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology KCI 등재 환경생물
- 발행기관 한국환경생물학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 계간
- ISSN 1226-9999 (Print)2287-7851 (Online)
- 수록기간 1983 ~ 2024
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 생물학 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 472DDC 570
권호리스트/논문검색
Vol. 32 No. 4 (2014년 12월) 20건
1.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Aluminum flows into the river from the abandoned mine leachate, industrial wastewater, and sewage and is responsible for acute toxicity in aquatic organisms. Recently, the number of reports have indicated the increased toxicity in a variety of aquatic organisms’ due to the aluminum toxicity. In this study, we reviewed the toxicity of aluminum on aquatic invertebrates, fishes and amphibians and suggested the guideline for management of aluminum residues in aquatic environment and strategies for aluminum toxicity evaluation. In aquatic animals aluminum complexes evoke gill dysfunction primarily, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, disruption of endocrine function, reproductive success, metabolism and homeostasis. Notably, at environmentally relevant concentration, aluminum complex can alter the hormone levels in fish in acidic condition. Further, since the solubility of aluminum is higher in the acidic and basic conditions, thus it is likely that the toxic effects of aluminum may not only occur in acidic water near the abandoned mines but also in lakes and rivers, where pH is raised by algal bloom.
4,800원
2.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In this study, we investigated the macrobenthic community structure and spatiotemporal variations in Uljin Marine Ranching area, East Sea of Korea. Macrobenthos were collected using a modified van Veen grab sampler from April to September 2013. Total number of species sampled was 345 and mean density was 5,797 ind. m-2, both of which were dominated by the polychaetes. The most dominant species were Spiophanes bombyx (53.64%), followed by Magelona sp.1 (6.96%), Cadella semitorta (2.73%), Lumbrineris longifolia (2.16%) and Alvenius ojianus (2.08%). Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity identified 2 station groups. The group 1 (station 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9) was characterized by high abundance of the polychaetes Magelona sp.1, Lumbrineris longifolia, Scoloplos armiger, Praxillella affinis, Maldane cristata and the bivalve Alvenius ojianus, with fine sediment above 30m water depth. On the other hand, the group 2 (station 1, 4, 7 and 10) was numerically dominated by the polychaete Lumbrineriopsis sp. and the bivalve Cadella semitorta, with coarse sediment below 5m water depth. Collectively, the macrobenthic community structure showed a distinct spatial trend, which seemed to be related to the water depth and sediment composition.
4,200원
3.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In order to understand the contribution of seaweed aquaculture to nutrients and carbon cycles in coastal environments, we measured the nutrients & carbon uptake rates of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda sampled at Nakdong-River Estuary using a chamber incubation method from November 2011 to April 2012. It was observed that the production rate of dissolved oxygen by P. yezoensis (n=30~40) was about 68.8±46.0 μmol gFW -1 h-1 and uptake rate of nitrate, phosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was found to be 2.5±1.8 μmol gFW -1 h-1, 0.18±0.11 μmol gFW -1 h-1 and 87.1±57.3 μmol gFW -1 h-1, respectively. There was a positive linear correlation existed between the production rate of dissolved oxygen and the consumption rates of nitrate, phosphate and DIC, respectively, suggesting that these factors may serve as good indicators of P. yezoensis photosynthesis. Further, there was a negative logarithmic relationship between fresh weight of thallus and uptake rates of nutrients and CO2, which suggested that younger specimens (0.1~0.3 g) were much more efficient at nutrients and CO2 uptake than old specimens. It means that the early culturing stage than harvesting season might have more possibilities to be developed chlorosis by high rates of nitrogen uptake. However, N & C demanding rates of Busan and Jeollabuk-do, calculated by monthly mass production and culturing area, were much higher than those of Jeollanam-do, the highest harvesting area in Korea. Chlorosis events at Jeollabuk-do recently might have developed by the reason that heavily culture in narrow area and insufficient nutrients in maximum yield season (Dec.~Jan.) due mostly to shortage of land discharge and weak water circulation. The annual DIC uptake by P. yezoensis in Nakdong-River Estuary was estimated about 5.6×103 CO2 ton, which was about 0.03% of annual carbon dioxide emission of Busan City. Taken together, we suggest more research would be helpful to gain deep insight to evaluate the roles of seaweed aquacul-ture to the coastal nutrients cycles and global carbon cycle.
4,000원
4.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme is an edible and highly valued in Korea. During the summer season, phytal organisms graze heavily on young algal blades and holdfastsof the species and substantially reduce harvestable biomass. Here, in this study, we investigated the effects of pH (range: 2~13) and salinity (range: 0~44 psu) on the removal of two major phytal animals, Caprella scaura and Gammaropsis utinomi, associated with S. fusiforme. We also examined the optimum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of algae in the same experimental conditions to quantify the tolerance of algae to acid and salinity treatments. It was observed that the phytal animals showed more than 80% mortality at pH lower that pH 4 and the extreams of salinity (0~10 psu and 44 psu) after a 5 min of immersion. However, the quantum yield of S. fusiforme was not significantly different from controls within the pH 3~11 range, and the 0~44 psu salinity range. Precisely, if the pH and salinity conditions outside these ranges were used in comercial Sargassum culture, the removal of the animal species would be higher, but with reduced quantum yield of algae. Taken together, our study results indicated that the pH and salinity treatments could allow multiple harvests from the same holdfast of S. fusiforme.
4,000원
5.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) is one of the perflourinated organic compound, which persist as a residual compound in the coastal environments. Intertidal mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus mainly inhabits in coastal and bay ecosystems in Indo-Pacific region including Korea and reflects to environmental changes. In the present study, M. japonicus were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS and various ecotoxicological end-points such as survival rate,
elimination of appendages, changes of the crust and internal organ color changes were investigated. Interestingly, the PFOS exposure showed concentration-dependent decrease of survival rate. High PFOS exposure (30 μg L-1) showed a low survival rate of 24% at 168 hours. Further, in comparison with the controls, the rate of elimination of appendages was also considerably increased in a time dependent manner upon PFOS exposure. Notably, with progression of time, an increased exposure to PFOS, test species showed whitening effect in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the crab crust color was unchanged in the control. In addition, change in internal organs color and their visibility (clarity) observed in PFOS exposed crabs compared to control. Taken together, we suggest, eco-toxicology end-points of M. japonicus exposed to PFOS gave important biological information which could be useful to identify toxic contamination in the marine benthic environments.
4,000원
6.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Fish community was investigated in eutrophic Jeondae agricultural reservoir from April to November 2012. The food web structure of major fish species of Jeondae reservoir showed that due to serious organic pollution, thehyper-eutrophic condition with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), as estimated by stable isotope analysis. Total of 679 individuals were collected from the reservoir, and 9 species were identified. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus and Hemiculter eigenmanni known as less sensitive to pollution and water quality deterioration, dominated the reservoir, and their relative abundances were 38% and 27%, respectively. Further, the analysis of the stomach contents revealed that main food source of dominant L. macrochirus was high amount of zooplankton, which includes copepoda and cladocera, while Cyprinidae species mainly consumed organic particles with zooplankton preys. Stable isotope analysis also suggested that L. macrochirus, Carassiusauratus, Pseudorasboraparva, and H. eigenmanni are major zooplantivorous group in the Jeondae Reservoir.
4,000원
7.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Emission reduction of CH4 (methane gas) from rice paddy soil is a very important measure for climate change mitigation in agricultural sector. In this study, we investigated the changes in crop yield and CH4 emissions in response to application of biochar and fertilizers. The experimental site is located in Hwasung, Kyunggido and experimental design is the split-plot method with three replicates. Treatments included rice straw (RS) and biochar (BC) amendments nested with the conventional NPK fertilizer (NPK) and slow release fertilizer (SRF). Control was also prepared with the soil with the conventional NPK fertilization with no amendment. Measurement of CH4 emission was conducted during the growing season of 2014 using a dynamic chamber method. The results showed that application of rice straw increased daily CH4 emission rate by 15%, while application of biochar reduced daily CH4 emission rate by 38%. When we combined biochar application with slow release fertilizer, CH4 emission was reduced by 45%. Further, the crop yield was also increased in all treatments compared with the control except for the treatment of rice straw application with slow release fertilizer. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agricultural soil can be an effective strategy to decrease annual CH4 emission with no reduction in crop yield.
4,000원
8.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Several species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) known to be responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. Recently off the coast of Geomundo and in Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Korea Strait, P. cf. brasiliana predominated in summer, 2010. As P. cf. brasiliana was new to Korea, we describe the morphological characteristics of the species. It was observed that cells were linear to lanceolate in valve and girdle view, 51~76 μm long and 1.9~2.6 μm wide. In the central part a large interspace was absent. The number of fibulae and striae in 10 μm were 30~37 and 31~37. Each stria contained 2~3 rows of poroids, with 10 to 14 poroids in 1 μm length. These morphological features of P. cf. brasiliana were found to be similar with the P. brasiliana, except with the fact that P. cf. brasiliana carred more numbers of fibulae/striae in 10 μm and poroids in 1 μm. Based on our observation, we suggest that P. cf. brasiliana is a newly identified Pseudo-nitzschia species or a variety of P. brasiliana.
4,000원
9.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia on physiological responses in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Interestingly, no mortality were observed when the specimens (301.1±8.0 g) were exposed to five levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) (control, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg L-1) for 3 hours. Furthermore, a significantly higher increase in gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) pump activity with was detected due to the ammonia exposure. The activity of the fishes were found to be 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, which was significantly high compared to normal 1 mg L-1 NH3. Although ammonia exposure had no effect on plasma Cl-, exposure to both 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, however it led to increase in the plasma Na+, K+ and osmolality levels. Also, prolong ammonia exposure cause increase of plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The increase in glucose was accompanied by an increase in cortisol. The fish exposed to 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3 showed significantly higher hematocrit than control group than those exposed to 1 and 2 mg L-1 NH3. The intensity of cell damage increased with the increase concentration and exposure to ammonia. Furthermore, hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis were also observed in gill tissues. Taken together, the results showed that direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the physiological responses of Korean rockfish to ammonia.
4,000원
10.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In this study, we investigated the effect of geographical variations on Sargassum thunbergii morphology to make a taxonomic reconsideration about infraspecific taxa in this species. In order to examine the morphological characteristics of S. thunbergii, total 27 matured and morphologically intact thalli were collected from the east, west and south coast in spring 2011. Interestingly, it was observed that the species populations on the west coast were characterized by short, thin and coarse thallus, and soft texture. However, the populations on the east coast showed thicker thallus, larger leaf and vesicle, and tougher texture. Thallus height of S. thunbergii was found to be similar at both east and west coast. Further, the height of the thallus and lateral branch of the species populations residing south coast were highest whereas the size of leaf and vesicle are shortest, in comparison with east and west coast species. Although morphological characteristics of the north east coast populations corresponded to the original description of S. thunbergii f. latifolium, we could not find exact morphological features and diagnostic characters to distinguish form in S. thunbergii. These results indicated that it is not the optimal characteristics to identify infraspecific form in this species. In contrast, morphological variations may signify the adaptation of this species to local environmental factors. Thus, we recommend that intraspecific morphological variation of S. thunbergii should be carefully used to identify infraspecific taxa.
4,000원
11.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Various ecosystem carry out fundamental function of material circulation and energy flow through interrelationship with many environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to scientifically understand the value of nature to deduce correlation between environmental factor and change of ecosystem function. In this study, we determined the accumulated ecosystem carbon and characteristics of soil respiration on grassland vegetation in Namahangang basin in Namhangang Basin. It was found that the rate of soil respiration was highly correlated with the soil temperature in all communities. The measured soil respiration rates were 1,539 mgCO2 m-2 h-1, 1,200 mgCO2 m-2 h-1, 1,215 mgCO2 m-2 h-1 in Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica, Salix koreensis communities, respectively. Also, carbon quantities accumulated in litter and soil layers were 40.6 tCha-1 (1.9+38.7), 46.9 tCha-1 (43.0+3.9), 31.2 tCha-1 (28.9+2.3) in M. sacchariflorus, P. japonica, S. koreensis communities, respectively.
4,000원
12.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
A Study on zooplankton fauna and phytoplankton flora was carried out three times in June, August and September 2012 at the Hyuncheon wetland in Gangwon-do, Korea. A total of 14 taxa of zooplankton were distributed, which consisted of six rotifers, four cladocerans, two copepods, one nematode and one aquatic insect larvae. Occurrence of Simulium japonicum supports that studied water is the first grade clear water. It was observed that the abundance of zooplankton was never exceeded over 55 ind.L-1. Rotifers dominated in the months of June and August, whereas cladocerans in September, respectively. The phytoplankton flora was consisted of 26 species. The standing crops varied between 4,080~10,120 cell.L-1. Docidium undulatum is the typical species distributed in muddy wetland and Closterium acerosum is distributed widely from wetlands through lakes. Navicula spp. and Nitzchia spp. were recorded to be distributed in lentic waters of big lakes such as Paldang Lake. Species diversity indices decreased gradually from June to September between 1.3~1.9 in zooplankton but lowest in August between 0.9~1.6 in phytoplankton, respectively. Based on my study observation, I anticipate that the poor distribution of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and low values of species diversity index are likely to be a cause of narrow area with shallowness of waters during the short period.
4,000원
13.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In this study, we report for the first time a hybridization between Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas in South Korea. On 7th May 2012, a sea turtle (Jeju sea turtle 01, JST01) was found in the east coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. The morphological characteristics of JST01 were compared with those of C. caretta and C. mydas that were frequently observed in Korean Seas. Interestingly, JST01 showed similar morphological characters such as body color, appearance of carapace, shape of upper beak, serration on marginal scute, and two claws with those of C. caretta. On the other hand, JST01 showed also similar patterns in several characteristics including the numbers of marginal, inframarginal and costal scute, smooth carapace without keel, no contact between costal scute and nuchal scute with those of C. mydas. From these results, we suggest that JST01 is one of hybrid animals bred between C. caretta and C. mydas, because JST01 has speciesspecific characters from both species. We anticipate that our study would be useful and have significant impact onto study inter-specific hybridization in the groups of sea turtle.
4,000원
14.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor pacifica) is a species of commercial importance and its production is greatly affected due to the infection by Heterosporis anguillarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of H. anguillarum infection on the growth of Shortfin eel. A disease that trunk muscle of cultured shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, were irregular and resulted in death, breakout of the commercial eel culture farm. We observed that the trunk muscle of infected eels were irregular and represented white or yellowish externally. Histopathologically, a great numbers of large or small spores and sporophorocysts were also observed in degenerated muscle layer. The cloning of specific gene of H. anguillarum, encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the muscle lesion of diseased eel. The size of clone gene is well matched with the size of small subunit ribosomal RNA of H. anguillarum and thus confirming the infection by H. anguillarum.
4,000원
15.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This study was conducted to find out the soil CO2 emission characteristic due to rain fall pattern and intensity changes. Using Automatic Opening and Closing Chambers (AOCCs), we have measured annual soil respiration changes in Pinus koraiensis plantation at Seoul National University experimental forest in Mt. Taehwa. In addition, we have monitored heterotrophic respiration at trenching sites (4×6 m). Based on the one year data of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, we observed that 24% of soil respiration was derived from root respiration. During the rainy season (end of July to September), soil respiration at trenching site and trenching with rainfall interception site were measure during portable soil respiration analyzer (GMP343, Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland). Surprisingly, even after days of continuous heavy rain, soil water content did not exceed 20%. Based on this observation, we suggest that the maximum water holding capacity is about 20%, and relatively lower soil water contents during the dry season affect the vital degree of trees and soil microbe. As for soil respiration under different rain intensity, it was increased about 14.4% under 10 mm precipitation. But the high-intensity rain condition, such as more than 10 mm precipitation, caused the decrease of soil respiration up to 25.5%. Taken together, this study suggests that the pattern of soil respiration can be regulated by not only soil temperature but also due to the rain fall intensity.
4,000원
16.
2014.12
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The present note provides an overview of the three succeeding scientific papers, which gives an insight about the multidisciplinary studies and opinion on Biodiversity. These three papers are based on the seminar series of biodiversity organized by the department of life science, Hanyang University during 2011~2013.
17.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In June 1992, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was concluded by 158 countries in Rio de Janeiro. And now, 194 member nations are participating in discussions for their own profit. Recently, Nagoya Protocol regarding Access to genetic resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) was approved and took effect from October 12th, 2014. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of CBD and ABS functioning on researchers studying marine biodiversity. Until now, in the previous Conference of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the interest towards researching marine and marine living resources was relatively low, and accordingly, the discussions regarding marine and marine living resources were delayed. However, in the 12th Pyeongchang Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the arguments concerning Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSA) and the other marine related issues were discussed. Although, South Korea has not yet officially joined Nagoya Protocol, however the consultations in regard to Prior and Informed Consent (PIC), Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) and Global Multilateral Benefit-Sharing Mechanism (GMBSM) were discussed. We belive that as a possessing nation of biological resources, South Korean government authorities should revise their management systems protocol and regulations concerning domestic biological resources, in order to strengthen the information system and help academia and industry to utilize the biological resources abroad easily and effectively.
4,000원
18.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This article chronicles key shifts in intellectual property regimes in the twentieth century as they related to the commercialization of academic research. The institutionalization and growth of scientific research in the research university in the twentieth century and the increasing awareness of its potential to promote technology innovation and economic growth posited an important question of the ownership of knowledge created in the academic setting, where knowledge was traditionally regarded as a common property among academic researchers. This paper shows the ownership of academic knowledge emerged as a key public policy and legal issue in the latter half of the twentieth century for academic researchers and government officials who pursue the commercialization of academic knowledge for private gain and public benefit. The resulting institutionalization of patent management in the research university and shifts in federal patent policy in turn opened a new legal avenue for the establishment of the private ownership of academic knowledge and the expansion of intellectual property rights in academia, especially in the area of biological and biomedical research. Reflecting upon historical shifts in intellectual property regimes in the twentieth century, this paper suggests recent controversies regarding ownership of biological knowledge and profit sharing in developing counties are linked to critical issues pertinent to the welfare of indigenous population, utilization of new natural resources, and sustainable development for humanity.
4,000원
19.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In order to shed some light on the historical change of biodiversity concepts, this paper reviews the science and technology studies (STS) literature on the history of biological research on human genetic diversity. By doing that, I show how the notion of genetic diversity in the human population - from “race” to “population” to “biogeographical ancestry” - has changed with methodologies and techniques over the last hundred years. In the meantime, I point out contexts and situations, despite conceptual and methodological developments, that show that current human genetic diversity research is slipping into the past mistakes of scientific racism. This article offers biodiversity researchers an opportunity to consider their own scientific practices on classifying species more reflectively.
4,500원
Erratum
20.
2014.12
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
4,000원
