In June 1992, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was concluded by 158 countries in Rio de Janeiro. And now, 194 member nations are participating in discussions for their own profit. Recently, Nagoya Protocol regarding Access to genetic resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) was approved and took effect from October 12th, 2014. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of CBD and ABS functioning on researchers studying marine biodiversity. Until now, in the previous Conference of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the interest towards researching marine and marine living resources was relatively low, and accordingly, the discussions regarding marine and marine living resources were delayed. However, in the 12th Pyeongchang Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the arguments concerning Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSA) and the other marine related issues were discussed. Although, South Korea has not yet officially joined Nagoya Protocol, however the consultations in regard to Prior and Informed Consent (PIC), Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) and Global Multilateral Benefit-Sharing Mechanism (GMBSM) were discussed. We belive that as a possessing nation of biological resources, South Korean government authorities should revise their management systems protocol and regulations concerning domestic biological resources, in order to strengthen the information system and help academia and industry to utilize the biological resources abroad easily and effectively.

북극해에서 해류나 담수의 영향으로 해양환경의 변화가 생기는 지역에 서식하는 중형저서생물의 군집구조를 파악하기 위해 2002년 7월 바렌츠해 동부 러시아 연안의 페초라해 6개 정점, 2002년 8월 스발바드섬의 킹스베이 내만 5개 정점에서 저서시료를 채집하였다. 페초라해에서는 총 8개의 분류군이 출현하였으며 출현한 중형저서생물의 총 개체수는 245~906indiv.10cm-2의 범위로 평균 580indiv.10cm-2로 나타났으며 총

The inspection items of tunnels include road surface breakage and cleaning condition, lane paint condition, lining crack, leakage, corrosion condition, tile cleaning condition, daylight and nighttime optimum illuminance condition, drainage facility damage and cleaning condition, Gangway wall wall and retaining wall abnormality, slope top and side slope condition. However, investigations for maintenance of tunnels mainly consisted of surveying condition and durability of concrete lining due to characteristics of tunnels.

Early alarm system is to detect slope movement before its collapse for road manager to respond quickly. In this paper, alarm criteria for this system is suggested when vibration and angle sensor are used.

After operating Early detection of slope movement and alarm system, it is found that several improvements are necessary. Especially, alarm criteria for slope movement is critical in reliable operation of the system.

After operating Early detection of slope movement and alarm system, it is found that several improvements are necessary. Especially, alarm criteria for slope movement is critical in reliable operation of the system.

It is largely divided into two kinds in freezing phenomenon of the tunnel. Waterproof membrane damage inside the tunnel construction joints leaked into groundwater leak occurs in the icicle and despite the absence of damage to the waterproofing membrane, waterproofing membrane from the back of the ground water is frozen freeze by interfering with smooth

Frequent damages and safety incidences had occurred. Although Korea Expressway Coporation is well organized for various disaster and incidences on expressway based on its many experiences, it still have difficulties in demonstrating its superiority and capability in disaster management. Also when compared with disaster management framework of other organization in developed countries, level of the management still need the improvement.