토공부 시공 시 공간이 협소한 교대, 옹벽, 암거 등의 구조물 뒤채움부는 다짐시험 관리가 곤란하다. 또한, 노체부는 공기 단축 등에 의한 다짐관리 소홀에 우려가 있다. 이와 같은 문제는 현행 토공 다짐도 측정시험으로 주로 사용하는 평판재하시험 방법의 적용상 난이도가 높기 때문이다. 평판재하시험을 하기 위해서는 반력 역할을 하는 장비가 있어야 하고, 시험에 시간이 과다하게 소요되며 이 모든 과정이 인력에 의해서 이루어지므로 주관적 평가에 오류가 발생할 수 있다. 한편 이를 보완하기 위하여 소형충격재하시험을 활용한 다짐관리 기준이 제정되었으나 이 또한 인력운영에 한계가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 다짐관리를 간편하고 빠르게 토공부 다짐관리를 위한 자동화 시스템을 개발하고자 한다.

The inspection items of tunnels include road surface breakage and cleaning condition, lane paint condition, lining crack, leakage, corrosion condition, tile cleaning condition, daylight and nighttime optimum illuminance condition, drainage facility damage and cleaning condition, Gangway wall wall and retaining wall abnormality, slope top and side slope condition. However, investigations for maintenance of tunnels mainly consisted of surveying condition and durability of concrete lining due to characteristics of tunnels.

In this study, the maintenance techniques of expressway geotechnical structures have been reviewed for the last 50 years. And, throuth this, necessary maintenance technology was derived in the future. As a result, the maintenance of the geotechnical structures was mainly developed for slope structures. And slope information system, alarm system, etc. have been developed and applied. In the future, technological advancement will be achieved by applying the 4th industry revolution technology.

In this paper, about 300 ground anchors which was long-term loss of tensile force occur were investigated and analyzed to determine (a)the magnitude of the load loss, (b)the causes and countermeasures of long-term loss of tensile force of ground anchors

It was investigated that tunnel was frozen in the winter. In recent years, winter is getting longer than the past. It need for measures to prevent an icicle occurrence in tunnel due to abnormal climate changes.

The tunnel structure is a structure supported by the ground rigidity around the tunnel excavation. Therefore, when tunnel excavation occurs, various problems arise in the tunnel when the ground stiffness is weak. These characteristics should be considered because the ground conditions in the design of tunnels are often different from the construction conditions investigated during tunnel construction

The spaces under bridge have been used as business zone and yard. The facilities and piles of goods under bridges are considered at high risk for fire danger. In this paper, CFD simulations were conducted to predict the temperature change beneath steel and concrete bridges due to fire in clothing boxes, frequently placed in the space under bridge. Based on these results, the relationship between the piled height of clothing boxes and the clearance of bridge, and temperatures beneath the bridge was derived using a Lagrange interpolation.

The tunnel structure is a structure supported by the ground rigidity around the tunnel excavation. Therefore, when tunnel excavation occurs, various problems arise in the tunnel when the ground stiffness is weak. These characteristics should be considered because the ground conditions in the design of tunnels are often different from the construction conditions investigated during tunnel construction

The spaces under bridge have been used as business zone and yard. The facilities and piles of goods under bridges are considered at high risk for fire danger. In this paper, CFD simulations were conducted to predict the temperature change beneath steel and concrete bridges due to fire in clothing boxes, frequently placed in the space under bridge. Based on these results, the relationship between the piled height of clothing boxes and the clearance of bridge, and temperatures beneath the bridge was derived using a Lagrange interpolation.

It is largely divided into two kinds in freezing phenomenon of the tunnel. Waterproof membrane damage inside the tunnel construction joints leaked into groundwater leak occurs in the icicle and despite the absence of damage to the waterproofing membrane, waterproofing membrane from the back of the ground water is frozen freeze by interfering with smooth

It is largely divided into two kinds in freezing phenomenon of the tunnel. Waterproof membrane damage inside the tunnel construction joints leaked into groundwater leak occurs in the icicle and despite the absence of damage to the waterproofing membrane, waterproofing membrane from the back of the ground water is frozen freeze by interfering with smooth drainage this phenomenon is enlarged and local pressure tunnel ceiling, a crack occurred near the side wall is generated

Recently, tunnel constructions have been increased in Korea. According to the increment of tunnel constructions, cases of tunnel collapses also have been increased under tunnel construction . Among these tunnel collapses, after a certain amount of time has elapsed due to excessive displacements on slope of tunnel exit or entrance, cases of tunnel collapse have been increased rapidly. Therefore, the case study was conducted in this study to figure out factors effect on the tunnel collapses due to excessive displacements on tunnel exit or entrance slopes. Base on the case study, the fragmental zone of fault and the rainfall were most important factors on the collapse.

쏘일네일은 원위치 지반보강 공법으로써 사면 및 터널, 지하구조물의 보강에 널리 사용되고 있다. 일반적으로 쏘일네일의 안정성 평가는 한계평형해석법에 의한 사면안정해석결과를 이용하여 설계기준안전율을 반영한다. 하지만 설계기준안전율을 만족하여도 쏘일네일의 길이가 짧으면 과다 변위가 발생해 지반의 안정성에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 정확한 쏘일네일의 길이를 파악하여 지반의 안정성을 확보해야 한다. 본 연구는 전자기파의 시간영역반사법(Time Domain Reflectometry, TDR)을 이용하여 쏘일네일의 길이를 산정하기 위한 선행 연구로써 그라우팅을 하지 않은 일반철근과 커플러로 연결한 철근이 신호에 미치는 영향을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 여러 길이의 철근과 커플러로 연장된 철근을 다양한 길이로 연결하고 TDR을 이용하여 전자기파를 발생시켜 시간영역반사법을 통해 철근의 길이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 철근의 길이가 증가함에 따라 반사되어 돌아오는 전자기파의 시간이 비례하여 증가하였으며 커플러로 연장된 철근에서도 그 길이에 해당하는 시간을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 전자기파를 이용한 시간영역반사법이 시공된 쏘일네일의 길이를 산정하기 위하여 적용 가능성이 있음을 보여준다.

Recently, a lot of problems have occurred in the tunnel by low-temperature freezing phenomenon in winter. Icicles caused by low-temperature freezing phenomenon has caused tunnel maintenance and traffic accident possibility. Therefore, in the study it is analyzed that a case of tunnel freezing occurred in the past

본 터널은 대규모 단층파쇄대가 존재하여 기존 설계시 강관다단그라우팅 보강공법을 적용하여 보강이 완료된 터널이다. 본 터널굴착공사는 상반굴착 완료후 1년간 중지된후 하반굴착을 위하여 공사안전 확인 계측을 실시한 결과 최대 천단부에서 28cm 이상의 변위와 하반 측벽부에서 융기가 발생되어 원인분석과 추가적인 보강대책을 적용하지 않을 경우 대규모 붕락 발생가능성 높은 터널에 대한 변형원인과 보강대책에 대하여 분석하였다.

본 논문은 관통된 터널에서 일정 시간 경과후 지표면 함몰붕괴가 발생한 터널시공사례로서 발생원인과 보강대책에 대하여 분석하였다. 이와같이 터널 관통후 지표면 함몰붕괴는 매우 드문사례로서 붕괴원인을 터널시공 조건, 지질조건과 굴착중 계측결과를 분석하였다. 본 터널의 경우, 토피고는 14m∼22m이고, 지질조건은 붕적토 내에 점토로 피복된 상당한 규모의 핵석(core stone) 및 전석이 존재하는 구간으로 조사되었다. 또한 계측값은 변위가 3mm 이내로 수렴인 상태이다. 붕괴원인은 붕적토내에 국지성 강우가 유입되므로서 핵석과 전석의 점착력이 급격히 약화되면서 붕락이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다.

Limestone zone in korea have been distributed to diagonal line so that it is wide from the Gangwondo to the Jeonlanamdo. The limestone cavity and fractureed zone is formed by chemical weathering. Limestone cavity and fractured zone was reinforced by high pressure jet grouting to establish bearing capacityon the ground condition like limestone cavity. But it are defective that the essential criteria of design, construction and quality control. The injection grouting method has therefore many difficulty which it is applied in such a limestone cavity.

It was investigated that two arch tunnel was frozen in the winter. In recent years, winter is getting longer than the past. It need for measures to prevent an icicle occurrence in two arch tunnel due to abnormal climate changes.