This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of 70cm(row~;widtb)~;~times~;10cm (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately 37~%~;and~;53~% , respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about 30~%~;and~;37~% , respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering (r~;=~;0.87**) and pod formation (r~;=~;0.91**) stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at R2~~R3 growth stages compared to R3~~R4~;or~;R4~~R5 growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate (PN) of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, PN of the 7th leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.

This study was conducted to obtain basic information of growth, chlorophyll, and Na+~;and~;K+ content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings after transplanting in different NaCl conditions. Plants grown in pots for 8 days after germination were grown for 10 days after transplanting in 50 and 100 mM NaCl concentrations. At higher NaCl concentration, plant height, root length, dry weight and chlorophyll content were reduced with NaCl stress. Among rice cultivars, the shoot dry weight of Gancheokbyeo, Janganbyeo and Hwasungbyeo, and the root dry weight of Janganbyeo, Gancheokbyeo and Juanbyeo showed relatively low reduction compared to the other rice cultivars at 100 mM NaCl stress. The Na+ content in seedling rapidly increased with the increase of NaCl concentration but K+ contents decreased. There was a significant relationship between Na+ content and shoot and root dry weight after transplanting rice seedlings to saline conditions. The shoot and root dry weight showed highly negative relationship with the Na+/K+ ratio in saline conditions.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the salinity on growth, inorganic ion content, and photosynthetic rate (~textrmPN ) in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with complex fertilizer (CF) and NaCl concentrations. The salinity was applied to plant using NaCl and CF, and controlled an EC as 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS ~textrmm-1 . The salinity treated three times at 35, 42 and 49 d after transplanting. The leaf area in different electrical conductivity (EC) decreased only the higher NaCl 1.0 dS ~textrmm-1 . The root growth increased with CF and especially, it was two times higher at 3.0 dS ~textrmm-1 than that of control. But the root growth sharply decreased with NaCl compared to CF. The light saturation point of Korean ginseng was around 100 ~mu~textrmmol~;~textrmm-2~textrms-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ~textrmPN increased as CF increased but decreased with NaCl especially at the late growth stage. The ~textrmNa+ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on the growth and development of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) and to evaluate the inorganic ion content in Korean ginseng with different general complete fertilizer (GCF) and NaCI concentrations at two growth stages. The stem height of Korean ginseng treated with different GCF and NaCI concentrations decreased at the higher EC (2.0 dS m-1 ), but there were no significant difference in the stem diameter, the leaf length, and the leaf width among different treatments. The root growth increased with the supply of GCF. Especially, the root growth was facilitated two times at 3.0 dS ~textrmm-1 as compared to control. But the root growth more sharply decreased with NaCI treatment than GCF. The ~textrmK+ and ~textrmMg2+ content in leaves and roots increased with GCF at the early growth stage. At the late growth stage, the ~textrmK+ content in leaves decreased but the ~textrmCa2+ and ~textrmMg2+ content increased. The ~textrmCa2+ and ~textrmMg2+ content in roots increased but the ~textrmK+ content decreased. The ~textrmNa+ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl treatment. The ~textrmNO3- content in leaves and ~textrmNH4+ content in leaves and roots increased as GCF concentration increased. The ~textrmNO3- content in leaves, stems, and roots at the late growth stage decreased as NaCl concentration increased. The ~textrmNH4+ content in leaves and roots decreased significantly at the early growth stage, but it decreased significantly in leaves and stems at the late growth stage. The root activity of Korean ginseng increased with GCF, but decreased as the EC increased with NaCl. The water potential of leaves with GCF showed no significant difference compare to control, but the water potential of leaves treated with NaCl decreased as EC increased.

This research was conducted to compare the dry matter production and the yield productivity among nine soybean cultivars by measuring the photosynthetic ability of the middle and lower leaves at the flowering and the seed development stages. The leaf greenness(SPAD value) were ranged as 32-42 at the flowering stage. Also, They were ranged as 25-40 and 38-51 at the fifth leaf and the seventh leaf, respectively. The photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage showed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and the photosynthetic ability at the seed development stage showed higher difference among cultivars than the flowering stage. The variation of the photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage also was significant among cultivars. The light saturation point at the flowering stage was about 1500 ~mu mol m-2 s-1 PAR, and the seed development stage was about 1000 ~mu mol m-2 s-1 PAR. The photosynthesis showed the high negative correlation with the leaf area and the positive correlation with the leaf area ratio. Also, photosynthesis at seed development stage showed positive correlation with grain yields but there was not significant between photosynthesis and yields at flowering stage..

This study conducted to elucidate the change of the cation content (Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ ), the L-proline content, and the sugar and starch content in the stems, roots, and leaves of three cultivars of the 30 days old seedling soybeans (Glycine max L. cv. Danwonkong, Hwang-keumkong, and Kwangankong) after 100 mM NaCl stress containing 1/2 Hoaglands nutrient solution in the sand culture. The reduction of the dry matter weight after 100 mM NaCl treatment among cultivars was higher in the order of Kwangankong, Danwonkong, and Hwang-keumkong. The highest reduction of the dry matter weight was occurred at the roots among three parts of plant. The Na+ content increased with NaCl treatment in overall and specially greatly increased in roots and stems. The K+ and Ca2+ content decreased with NaCl treatment at the roots and stems. The K+ content, however, at the leaves increased in all three cultivars with the NaCl treatment. The L-proline content with NaCl stress increased greatly. The increment of the L-proline content at the stems and roots of Hwangkeumkong was lower than that of other two cultivars, K wangankong and Danwonkong. The sugar content decreased with NaCl treatment at the stems and leaves. The starch content also decreased at the stems and leaves with NaCl treatment.aCl treatment.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen, NH4+ , and NO3- content of 4 barley cultivar seedlings that were cultured for 10 and 30 days with different NaCl levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) contain-ing 1/4 Hoagland solutions. The sodium ion content in the shoot of barley seedlings sharply increased with an increase of NaCl concentration. After 30 days of NaCl treatment, the sodium content of the shoot at 150 mM NaCl was 27 times higher than in non-saline conditions. The sodium content in the root linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Nitrogen content in the shoot linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but nitrogen content in the root declined above the point where the Na+ content was 3.0 mM/g Na+ in the barley seedling. NO3- content also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. NH4+ content in the shoot decreased with NaCl condition, but its content in the root increased with NaCl condition. A positive correlation between NO3- and NH4+ content was found in the shoot, but their relationship was negative in the root.

This study was conducted to elucidate the changes of photosynthetic ability and cation content in barley cultivar seedlings cultured for 10 and 30 days with different NaCl concentrations containing 1/4 Hoagland solutions. At the highest NaCl concentration, the weight of dry matter and the shoot/root ratio (S/R ratio) were decreased. Thus, shoots were affected more than roots by NaCl treatment. The S/R ratio decreased more in 'Neulssalbori' than in 'Bunong' by the NaCl treatment. The. internal Na+ concentration increased greatly with the highest NaCl concentration, but K+ concentration in plants decreased with the highest NaCl treatment. The Ca2+ concentration had a small change with NaCl concentrations. Thus Na+ /K+ and Na+ /Ca2+ ratios increased with the highest concentration. The chlorophyll content (%/dry weight) of seedlings decreased at higher NaCl levels except for Bunong in 30 day old seedlings. The photosynthetic ability decreased only for Neulssalbori in the 10 days NaCl treatment. The stomatal conductance, and transpiration had decreased in the 10 day old seedlings, but not with 30 day old seedlings.