Rapid industrialization and urbanization have generated huge amount of environmental pollution. Especially, synthetic organic chemicals have been a serious international problem for over half a century due to their toxic and hazardous chemicals. Eco-friendly strategies for removing the chemicals from the soil and water are becoming a top priority around the world and biological treatment such as phytoremediation and bioremediation is less expensive and more sustainable than other conventional remediation techniques. Recently, many pollutant diminishing microbial endophytes have been discovered from various plants grown in contaminated area and the function of microbes to improve phytoremediation of organic pollutants has been reported. Thus, we classify synthetic organic pollutants into groups of similar compounds and discuss the contribution of endophytes to enhance phytoremediation.

췌담도 질환의 진단과 치료에 있어서 POC의 역할은 커지 고 있으나 발생 가능한 합병증에 대한 충분한 연구와 경험이 부족한 상태이다. 본 저자들은 총담관 결석을 치료하기 위해 POC를 통한 EHL 후 복통과 함께 간위에 국한되어 자유 공기 소견이 보여 천공 진단 하에 보존적 치료 후 호전되었던 증례를 경험하였다. 그동안 POC의 합병증으로 본 증례와 같은 천공이 보고된 바가 없기 때문에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고 한다.

Sand casting is extensively applied both ferrous and non-ferrous metal foundries. Thus tremendous amount of Used Foundry Sand (UFS) is being produced in foundry industry. In this regard, it is required to establish appropriate recycling method of UFS. In order to verify effect of recycling number of cleaning solution, the properties of Regenerated Foundry Sand (RFS) were investigated. UFS was produced in controlled condition using inorganic binder and treated by wet recycling method. Optimized recycling condition which removes binder from sand grains to a sufficient degree was set and UFS was recycled in that manner. Removal efficiency of binder was examined using ion chromatography analysis of used cleaning solution and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of RFS. Particle size distribution was investigated by sieve analysis test and surface morphology of RFS was also investigated by using scanning electron microscope.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive degradation of joint cartilage and is accompanied by secondary inflammation of synovial membranes. The purpose of this study describes a preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity on test material of Litsea japonica. fruit (LJTM) Also, this study was to evaluate the effects of LJTM on the joint cartilage of rat with OA induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). To study for anti-inflammatory agents effectively, we first examined the inhibitory effect of the LJTM on the production of pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. We identified anti-nociceptive effects of the LJTM by using in vivo peripheral and central nervous pain models. In addition, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on mRNA expression of MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, -13, TIMP-1 and –2 in cartilage of OA. In the LJTM inhibited production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). In cartilage, Expression of MMPs and TIMPs mRNA was suppressed in LJTM treatment group than in the control group. This study suggests that LJTM are potential candidates as anti-inflammation and anti-osteoarthritis agents (painkillers) for the treatment of OA.