국내 분포조사가 되어 있지 않은 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레와 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레를 대상으로 3년간(2015~2017년) 281지점의 관엽식물과 666지점의 과수를 조사하였다. 관엽식물의 경우 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레는 34지점에서 발견되었고, 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레는 87지점에서 발견되었으나 과수에서는 두 종 모두 발견되지 않았다. 분포조사를 통해 채집한 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레와 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레는 실내사육하며 온도별 발육특성을 조사하였다. 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레 암컷 약충은 14℃에서 정상적인 발육을 하지 못하였으며, 16℃에서는 361.4일로 발육 기간이 가장 길었으며 32℃에서는 39.0일로 가장 짧았다. 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레 암컷 성충수명은 28℃에서 71.7일로 가장 짧았으며, 산자수의 경우 32℃에서 177.7마리로 가장 많았다. 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레 암컷 약충은 12℃에서 정상적인 발육을 하지 못하였으며 14℃에서 184.9일로 발육기간이 가장 길었으며, 28℃에서는 21.5일로 가장 짧았다. 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레 암컷 성충수명은 28℃에서 51.5일로 가장 짧았으며, 산자수의 경우 28℃에서 143.8마리로 가장 많았다. 세대순증가율(R0)과 내적자연증가율(rm)은 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레는 각각 32℃에서 162.3, 0.127이며, 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레는 각각 28℃에서 98.3, 0.139로 가장 크게 나타났다. 따라서, 긴꼬리가루깍지벌레와 붉은몸긴꼬리가루깍지벌레의 최적 온도는 각각 32℃와 28℃로 판단되며 국내에서의 월동은 불가능한 것으로 보인다.

가루깍지벌레류인 Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)는 포도원과 다른 과실 과원에도 피해를 주는 국제적 해충 이다. 이 종은 한국에서 오랫동안 격리되어 왔으며 야외에서의 발생기록은 전혀 없다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 P. viburni 부재를 확인하기 위해 전국적으로 감 과수원 533사이트, 사과 및 기타 과수원 144사이트, 묘목원 및 온실 281사이트를 지난 3년간(2015-2017) 조사하였다. 그 결과 P. viburni는 한국의 야외에서나 묘목원 등에서 발생되지 않는 것으로 확인되어 이를 보고한다.

The distribution of mosquitoes collected in Cheongju area in 2016 and 2017 were compared. The collection sites wereestablished from residential area, migratory bird sanctuary, and cattle feedlot using BL trap and BG trap. Culex pipienswere the most collected in residential area, and Aedes vexans were the most collected in migratory bird sanctuary andcattle feedlot in both years. BG trap was more collected than BL trap in residential area and migratory bird sanctuary.However, cattle feedlot was more collected in BL trap. A variety of mosquito species were collected from BG trap thanBL trap. However, the number of Anopheles sinensis collected in cattle feedlot showed significant differences betweenBL trap and BG trap. Based on the results of this study, it is considered that effective monitoring of mosquitoes mightbe done by using appropriate trap type according to the region

Pseudococcus orchidicola and Pseudococcus longispinus, a notorious cosmopolitan pest species of mealybugs, known to be distributed indoors in Korea. The effect of temperature on the development of P. orchidicola and P. longispinus was studied. The duration of nymphal period of the two mealybugs at 24 and 28℃ have been recorded. Developmental duration of P. longispinus was longer than P. orchidicola in both females and males. The adult longevity was estimated to 74.9 and 91.1 days at 24℃ for P. orchidicola and P. longispinus, respectively. The average fecundity per female was greater at 28℃. The survival of P. orchidicola and P. longispinus during winter at outdoor was failed.

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is a globally distributed and important economic pest. Chemical control is the primary approach to regulate populations of this pest. Chlorantraniliprole is the first commercial insecticide that belongs to the new chemical class of diamide insecticides. In this study, the resistant strain was observed 1578-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole. Point mutation (G4946E) in ryanodine receptor (RyR) showed a high frequency. Enzyme assays indicated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the resistant strain was 2.4 times higher compared with the susceptible strain, whereas no difference was seen for P450 and esterase. In addition, the expression of two GSTs genes was up-regulated. These findings pave the way for the complete understanding of the mechanisms of diamide insecticides resistance in insects.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is known worldwide as a pest that affects cruciferous plants. We surveyed insecticide susceptibility in chlorantraniliprole-resistant strain of P. xylostella to 13 insecticides (3 diamaids, 2 synthetic pyrethroids, 2 spinosyns, 1 organophosphorus, 1 carbamate, 1 marcrolide, and 3 others) to examine resistance ratios. The levels of insecticide resistance were extremely high, especially to chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide. Enzyme assays indicated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the resistant strain was 2.4 times higher compared with the susceptible strain, whereas no difference was seen for P450 and esterase. Its F1 progeny resulting from reciprocal crosses with a susceptible strain revealed no maternal effects and a diamide susceptible phenotype, suggesting an autosomally almost recessive mode of inheritance.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of the most important forest tree diseases, especially in the East Asian countries of Japan, China, and Korea. The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, is the PWN vector for Japanese red pine and Japanese black pine while Monochamus saltuarius Gebler is the vector for Korean white pine. Various control methods, such as aerial pesticide applications, biological control using parasitoids and fumigant such as methyl bromide are used. But the PWD still has spread. Therefore, we were selected effective aerial insecticides. Susceptibility of M. saltuarius and M. alternatus adults were investigated using 9 insecticides which are available in the market in Korea. And then, we tested them to the Apis mellifera to vertify the environmental impact.

Monochamus saltuarius is one of the insect vector of pine wilt disease with Monochamus alternatus. The present study aimed to investigate the dose to induce sterile and the effect of sterility according to the gender of M. saltuarius. As the electron beam irradiation dose increased, the hatchability, adult eclosion rate and longevity of the former mid and late maturation feeding stage of adults was slightly reduced. However, there was no difference between these two adults. In addition, female adults were more sensitive to the electron beam than the male adults. Hatchability of the F1 generation of ♂T × ♀N o r♀T × ♂N (T: 200 Gy electron beam irradiation, N: 0 Gy) was completely suppressed. As electron beam irradiation dose increased, the fecundity of female adults were slightly decreased. Results by comet assay showed that electron beam irradiation induced as dose increased DNA damage in M. saltuarius adults. These results suggest that SIT using electron beam may be useful for control of M. saltuarius.

Ionizing irradiation can be used as an alternative to chemical fumigants for disinfestation of cut flowers, agricultural products, seeds, foods, medical products, and spices. In this study, we investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on reproduction and development in Spodoptera litura. When irradiated to the adults, there was no difference in fecundity. However, egg hatching was considerably decreased. When irradiated to the pupae, fecundity was decreased as dose increased and wing deformity of newly emerged adults was increased as time passed. When irradiated to the larvae, developmental period and pupa deformity was significantly increased. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of sterility and abnormal development, we performed quantitative real-time PCR and SDS-PAGE.