In this paper, the formation and characterization of Pt2, Pt3 as well as Pt4 atomic clusters in cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) are evaluated by DFT to examine the adsorption capacity under the clusters. The results show that the Pt clusters move toward the bottom edge or form rings in the optimized stable structure. Pt far from the carbon substrate possesses more active electrons and adsorption advantages. The three clusters can adsorb up to 17, 18, and 16 hydrogen molecules. Loading metal clusters at the bottom edge maintains a relatively good adsorption property despite the low binding energy through comparative studies. The adsorption capacity does not increase with the number of Pt for metal aggregation reducing the hydrogen adsorption area thus impacting the hydrogen storage ability and the aggregation phenomenon limiting the action of Pt metal. During adsorption, chemisorption occurs only in the Pt2 cluster, while multiple hydrogen molecules achieve physiochemical adsorption in the Pt3 and Pt4 clusters. Compared with the atomic loading of the dispersion system in equal quantities, the dispersion system features higher molecular stability and can significantly reduce the energy of the carbon substrates, providing more sites for hydrogen adsorption in space.

A composite photocatalyst of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles decorated with different content of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared via a simple and facile one-step method in this paper. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra, and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) were used to characterize the crystal structure, morphology and optical properties of the rGO–ZnO composite photocatalyst. The photocatalytic properties of the composites were investigated using methyl orange (MO), a typical orange compound, as a test pollutant. The results showed that rGO–ZnO composites displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in MO degradation than pure ZnO, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant on the optimal rGO–ZnO composite was 14 times as great as that on pure ZnO. The enhanced photocatalytic ability of the rGO-ZnO composites was mainly benefited from the high specific surface area and high conductivity of rGO, which facilitated efficient charge separation in the rGO-ZnO nanocomposite.

정당은 국가기관과 시민사회를 잇는 가교로서 의회정치의 가장 적극 적인 부분이기도 하다. 그들은 EU와 국내 정치의 연결고리가 되며, EU 정치와 세계 정치 모두에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 유럽의회 내 좌파 정당과 집단의 조직구조는 비슷하고, 정당 주일의 정치활동에 의존한다. 결속력과 경쟁력은 당 그룹의 운영 특성이다. 응집력과 경쟁력은 동일 하다. 의회 정당과 집단은 정책 결과에 영향을 미칠 목적으로 어떠한 입법 연합도 자유롭게 구성할 수 있다. 유럽 의회의 좌파 정당 집단의 운영 메커니즘 분석을 통해 우리는 유럽 의회의 성격, 운영 모드, 선거 기능을 더욱 이해할 수 있다. 이 논문은 또 국회 안팎에서 국회 당 그룹의 기능과 그 영향력을 상세히 기술하고 향후 좌파 정당의 발전 전 망을 전망하고 있다.

Customer experience has become an important concept in explaining consumer behaviour with hedonic products in the online game industry. However, few studies have examined the differences in game experience internationally between players from different nationalities. Game producers who market their wares to a global audience need to take into account that individuals from different national backgrounds have different experiences according to nationally specific cultural and societal norms and restrictions. These experiences determine how players perceive, interact and enjoy products. The current study attempts to examine differences in game experiences between India and the US. Around 600 respondents were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk), an online data panel. Analysis of results using a series of multivariate analysis of covariate, showed that players from India and the US are different in most aspects of game experience except for their analytical experience. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed and recommendations are made with consideration to the ramifications of the investigation.

L2 synonyms (and other related words) that are undifferentiated (i.e., are translated as the same word) in learners’ L1 are among the most difficult lexical items for L2learners to grasp. How to help students learn the appropriate use of these words has been a great challenge for L2 teachers. Drawing on recent research in corpus linguistics and corpus-based language teaching, this paper strives to show that corpus analysis can effectively differentiate synonyms and help L2 students successfully learn the appropriate use of the words in a synonym set. The paper begins with a brief overview of research on synonyms and their learning/use. Then using four sets of English synonyms/related words that are not differentiated in Korean, it discusses, with specific examples of learning activities and exercises, how corpus analysis and its results can be used to help learners differentiate these difficult words and grasp their usage patterns. The paper concludes with a summary of both the benefits and challenges of such a teaching approach and some strategies for dealing with the challenges.