상추는 수요가 연중 지속됨에 따라 재배면적과 생산량이 증가하고 있는데, 주로 생식으로 이용되며 수확간격 이 짧아 해충 다발생시 약제방제가 어려운 작물이다. 최근 검은무늬밤나방이 약제방제가 소홀한 포장에서 잎을 광포식하여 빠른 시간내에 직접적인 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검은무늬밤나방의 온도별 발육특성을 구명하여 방제를 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 한다. 검은무늬밤나방은 시설재배 상추에 발생한 유충을 채집하 여 실내 사육 후 항온조건(15, 20, 25, 30℃)에서 발육단계별 발육기간을 조사하였다. 온도가 높아짐에 따라 각 태별 발육기간은 짧아지는 경향이었으며, 유충은 보통 4회 탈피하였다. 25℃에서 알기간은 2.5일, 유충기간 10.0 일, 전용기간 1.0일, 번데기기간 7.0일로 알에서 성충까지의 발육기간은 20.5일 이었다.

최근들어 평균 온도가 평년보다 높게 경과함에 따라 노지 작물에 발생이 많은 파밤나방, 담배거세미나방, 담배 나방의 발생소장을 2023년 전북 익산의 노지 고추포장에서 성페로몬트랩을 이용하여 조사하였다. 파밤나방은 4월 중순부터 채집되기 시작하였으나 채집량은 적었고 6월 중순, 7월 중순, 9월 상순, 9월 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 담배거세미나방은 5월 중순부터 채집되기 시작하여 6월 상순, 7월 상순, 8월 상순, 9월 상순, 11월 상순에 발생최성기를 보였으며 8월 하순이후 발생량이 많은 경향이었다. 담배나방은 5월 상순부터 발생하기 시작하여 6월 중순, 8월 상순, 9월 상순에 발생최성기를 보였으며 10월부터는 채집량이 적은 경향이었다.

기후변화 대응과 새로운 소득작물로 아열대작물이 도입되어 재배면적이 증가하고 있다. 그린빈은 아메리카 중남부가 원산지인 콩과 작물로 미성숙 꼬투리를 다양한 요리에 이용하는데 최근 수요가 증가하면서 재배면적 이 확대되고 있다. 새로운 작물이 도입됨에 따라 안정재배를 위한 방제 대상 해충을 설정하기 위하여 재배시기별 해충 종류와 피해정도를 조사하였다. 4월 중순에 파종한 그린빈에서는 생육초기부터 총채벌레 발생이 많았으 며, 5월 하순 이후 발생밀도가 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 7월 상순에 파종한 그린빈에서는 8월 하순부터 아메리카잎굴파리 피해가 증가하여 9월 상순에 피해엽률이 50% 이상으로 발생이 심하였으며, 응애류와 총채벌 레류 발생이 많은 경향이었다.

토마토반점위조바이러스(TSWV)는 총채벌레가 매개하는 대표적인 바이러스로 고추 등 여러작물에서 심각 한 피해를 준다. 노지고추에서 토마토반점위조바이러스 발생 경감을 위한 총채벌레 방제시기를 설정하고자 시기별 총채벌레 발생량과 토마토반점위조바이러스병 발생량을 조사하였다. 2023년 전북 익산 노지 고추포장 에서 청색끈끈이트랩을 이용하여 총채벌레 발생량을 조사한 결과 4월 상순부터 채집되기 시작하여 5월 하순과 6월 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 반면 고추 꽃에서는 정식 2주후부터 꽃당 10마리 이상 관찰되었다. 토마토반점 위조바이러스병은 정식 30일 이후 증상이 발생하기 시작하여 빠르게 확산되는 경향이었다. 따라서 노지고추에 서 토마토반점위조바이러스병 경감을 위하여 총채벌레 방제를 활착 이후부터 시작하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단 되었다.

열대거세미나방이 2019년 국내에 첫 비래한 이후 매년 비래하고 있으며 옥수수 등에서 피해를 주고 있음에 따라 전북지역 주요 옥수수 재배지역에서의 열대거세미나방 발생양상과 약제방제 효과를 조사하였다. 2022년 도에 성페로몬트랩을 이용하여 성충유인량을 조사한 결과 7월 1일 첫 채집되었으며 8월 중순이후 채집량이 증가 하여 9월 중순과 10월 중순에 발생최성기를 보였으며 11월 상순까지 유인되었다. 2022년과 2023년에 식용 옥수 수 재배지역에서 열대거세미나방 유충 피해 조사 결과 6월 수확하는 옥수수에서는 열매피해가 없었으나 9월에 수확하는 옥수수에서는 피해열매율이 30% 이상인 포장들이 관찰되어 재배시기에 따라 피해 정도 차이가 매우 큰 경향이었다. 옥수수 포장에서 열대거세미나방 유충 방제를 위해 2~3령기에 인독사카브 액상수화제를 7일 간격으로 2회 살포한 결과 처리 7일 후 방제효과는 91.7%로 높았다.

Golden apple snails(GAS) are native to warm regions such as Central and South America and Southeast Asia, and were first introduced as a high-protein food. GAS are omnivorous and have a habit of eating plants submerged in water, so they have been used for eco-friendly weed control in rice fields since 1992. When the GAS was first introduced, it was thought that it would be impossible to overwinter in Korea. However after 2000, overwintering individuals were founded and damage to rice occurred and the development of means to control GAS has been required. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of an eco-friendly pest control agent using Styrax japonicus that grow naturally in Korea. As a result of exposing GAS to S. japonicus fruit powder, a 100% molluscicidal effect was confirmed at 66.7ppm. To investigate the duration of effect, treatment was performed at the same concentration and molluscicidal effect of more than 90% was up to 3 days after treatment. The killing effect of each part of the S. japonicus was compared, and the seed extracts showed no killing effect at all concentrations, while the sarcocarp extracts showed a 100% killing effect up to 33.3ppm, and the fruit extracts showed a 100% killing effect up to 200ppm.

Biomass-derived porous carbon is an excellent scientific and technologically interesting material for supercapacitor applications. In this study, we developed biomass-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets (BDPCNS) from cedar cone biomass using a simple KOH activation and pyrolysis method. The BDPCNS was effectively modified at different temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 ℃ under similar conditions. The as-prepared BDPCNS-700 electrode exhibited a high BET surface area of 2883 m2 g− 1 and a total pore volume of 1.26 cm3 g− 1. Additionally, BDPCNS-700 had the highest electrical conductivity (11.03 cm− 1) and highest N-doped content among the different electrode materials. The BDPCNS-700 electrode attained a specific capacitance of 290 F g− 1 at a current density of 1 A g− 1 in a 3 M KOH electrolyte and an excellent longterm electrochemical cycling stability of 93.4% over 1000 cycles. Moreover, the BDPCNS-700 electrode had an excellent energy density (40.27 Wh kg− 1) vs power density (208.19 W kg− 1). These findings indicate that BDPCNS with large surface areas are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors and energy storage systems.

During the operation of the nuclear power plant, various radioactive waste are generated. The spent resin, boron concentrates, and DAW are classified as a generic radioactive waste. They are treated and stored at radioactive waste building. In the reactor vessel, different types of radioactive waste are generated. Since the materials used in reactor core region exposed to high concentration of neutrons, they exhibit higher level of surface dose rate and specific activity. And they are usually stored in spent fuel pool with spent fuel. Various non-fuel radioactive wastes are stored in spent fuel pool, which are skeleton, control rod assembly, burnable neutron absorber, neutron source, in core detector, etc. The skeleton is composed of stainless 304 and Inconel-718. There are two types of control rod assembly, that are WH type and OPR type. The WH type control rod is composed of Ag-In-Cd composites. The OPR type control rod is composed of B4C and Inconel-625. In this paper, the characteristics and storage status of the non-fuel radioactive waste will be reported. Also, the management strategy for the various non-fuel radioactive waste will be discussed.

This study evaluated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, a mixture of Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum) supplementation, the storage temperature, and storage period on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal digestibility of a total mixed ration (TMR). The TMR was prepared into two groups, namely, CON (control TMR without the LAB) and ML (supplementing a mixture of E. faecium and L. plantarum in the ratio of 1% and 2% (v/w), respectively). Both groups were divided and stored at 4°C or 25°C for 3, 7, and 14 d fermentation periods. Supplementing LAB to the TMR did not affect the chemical composition of TMR except for the lactate and acetate concentration. Storage temperatures affected (p<0.05) the chemical composition of the TMR, including pH, lactate, and acetate contents. The chemical composition of TMR was also affected (p<0.05) by the storage period. During in vitro rumen fermentation study, the ML treatment showed lower (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility at 24 h incubation with a higher pH compared to the CON. There was no difference in the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of TMR between the CON and ML treatment however, at 24 h, ML treatment showed lower (p<0.05) IVDMD with a higher pH compared to the CON. The effects of storage temperature and period on IVDMD were not apparent at 24 h incubation. In an in vivo study using Holstein steers, supplementing LAB to the basal TMR for 60 d did not differ in the final body weight and average daily gain. Likewise, the fecal microbiota did not differ between CON and ML. However, the TMR used for the present study did include a commercial yeast in CON, whereas ML did not; therefore, results were, to some extent, compromised in examining the effect of LAB. In conclusion, storage temperature and period significantly affected the TMR quality, increasing acetate and lactate concentration. However, the actual effects of LAB supplementation were equivocal.

Global concerns have grown regarding emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) caused by previously unknown pathogens. Considering that strengthening surveillance capacity for unknown diseases is one of the core capacities for preparedness and early response to EIDs, identifying areas with poor capacity could be beneficial to prioritize regions for the improvement of surveillance. In this regard, we aimed to develop prediction models to identify high risk areas for low surveillance capacity for unknown diseases in a global scale. Unexplained death events reported between 2015 and 2019 were collected from two internet-based surveillance systems, ProMED-mail and Global Public Health Intelligence Network. From the reports, the number of reported unexplained deaths at the first report and the time gap between death and report were extracted as measures for sensitivity and timeliness of surveillance capacity, respectively. Using geographical locations of the reports and published global scale spatial data, including demographic, socioeconomic, public health and geographical variables, we fitted two boosted regression tree models to predict regions with the low sensitivity and timeliness. The performance of prediction model for the low sensitivity showed moderate validity, but in terms of the model for timeliness, the performance was unreliable. Therefore, we provided predicted risk only for low sensitivity. The mean predicted risks of low sensitivity were, respectively, 45.2%, 37.4%, 12.5%, and 3.0% in low-income, lower middle-income, upper middle-income, and high-income countries. Enhancing surveillance capacity in low-income countries is highly required, given the predicted low level of sensitivity despite the importance of early response.

In the case of decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, it is expected that a significant amount of VLLW and LLW that need to be disposed of are also expected. Conventional reduction technology is a method of extracting or removing radionuclides from waste, but this project is being carried out for the purpose of obtaining a reduction effect through the development of a material that treats another radioactive waste using radioactive waste. In this paper, the technology of impregnating LiOH capable of adsorbing radiocarbon to the gas filter material manufactured from concrete and soil waste as raw materials and the radiocarbon removal performance were reviewed. In this study, a raw material of ceramic filter was prepared by mixing concrete and soil waste with a powder of 40 m or less, and after sintering at 1,250°C, 5wt% to 40wt% of LiOH is impregnated with a filter capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide. was prepared. The prepared filter used ICP-OES and XRD to confirm the LiOH deposition result, and the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged through the carbon dioxide adsorption device was confirmed. It was possible to obtain the result that the amount of adsorption was changed depending on the flow rate of carbon dioxide supplied and the amount of material. Through this, it was possible to confirm the possibility of power generation in the adsorption performance of gas. In this study, after crushing waste concrete and waste soil, powders of 40 m or less were mixed with other additives to prepare raw materials for ceramic filters, and sintered at 1,250°C to manufacture filters. 5wt% to 40wt% of LiOH was impregnated on the prepared filter to give functionality to enable carbon dioxide adsorption. The results of LiOH deposition were confirmed using ICP-OES and XRD, and the change in the concentration of carbon dioxide emitted through a separately prepared adsorption device was confirmed. It was possible to obtain the result that the amount of adsorption was changed according to the flow rate of carbon dioxide supplied and the amount of material, and the possibility of developing a material for radioactive waste treatment using radioactive waste was confirmed when the porosity and specific surface area of the filter material were increased.

Regulations on the concentration of boron discharged from industrial facilities, including nuclear power plants, are increasingly being strengthened worldwide. Since boron exists as boric acid at pH 7 or lower, it is very difficult to remove it in the existing LRS (Liquid Radwaste System) using RO and ion exchange resin. As an alternative technology for removing boron emitted from nuclear power plants, the electrochemical boron removal technology, which has been experimentally applied at the Ringhal Power Plant in Sweden, was introduced in the last presentation. In this study, the internal structure of the electrochemical module was improved to reduce the boron concentration to 5 mg/L or less in the 50 mg/L level of boron-containing waste liquid. In addition, the applicability of the electrochemical boron removal technology was evaluated by increasing the capacity of the unit module to 1 m3/hr in consideration of the actual capacity of the monitor tank of the nuclear power plant. By applying various experimental conditions such as flow rate and pressure, the optimum boron removal conditions using electrochemical technology were confirmed, and various operating conditions necessary for actual operation were established by configuring a concentrated water recirculation system to minimize secondary waste generation. The optimal arrangement method of the 1 m3/hr unit module developed in this study was reviewed by performing mathematical modeling based on the actual capacity of monitor tank and discharge characteristics of nuclear power plant.