Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis (BRONJ) is an adverse event associated with bisphosphonate drug treatment. An 81-year-old female has been taking bisphosphonates orally once a month for three years complained of pain in the left mandibular molar area after implant placement. Tenderness and fistula were formed. Extensive osteosclerosis in posterior area of the left mandible and bone resorption around distal side of #37i were shown on radiographs. She was given oral antibiotics for 6 weeks and bone resorption was improved. A 70-year-old male had a history of intravenous injection of bisphosphonates for blood cancer complained of #46i implant mobility. There was buccal fistula on #45 site. Radiographically, severe bone resorption and extensive osteosclerosis were shown. He was treated with removal of implant and inflammatory tissue. Patients who have taken bisphosphonates may develop BRONJ after tooth extraction or implant placement and are needed to meticulous plaque control for preventing BRONJ.

Pumpkin has long been used as traditional health materials in oriental medicine, pharmacy, medicine, and food industries in many countries. In this study, the water extract and two active components from tendril of young C. moschata Duch. were investigated on inflammation inhibitory activity. The water extract of young C. moschata Duch. showed high cell viability over 95% and it decreased the production of interlukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the capacity of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Also, isolated fraction (B4) suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. Among the domestically cultivated pumpkins, B4 fraction contained in the tendril part of them and it comprised of the order of tendril from Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica, old of C. moschata Duch., and young of C. moschata Duch. These results suggest that water extracts of C. moschata Duch. and purified active compound, rutin, show anti-inflammation activity by suppression of the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. It can be applicable as pharmaceutical materials.