1. 타지키스탄은 중앙아시아의 남동쪽에 동서로 길게 위치한 국가로서 국토의 50%이상이 해발고도 3,000미터 이상의 고산지이고, 국토의 최저점과 최고점의 차이가 7천 미터를 상회하며, 국토면적의 약 6%가 빙하로 되어 있다. 2. 타지키스탄은 전통적인 농업국가로서 농업이 경제의 축이며 농촌인구가 74%, 농업부문 종사자가 전 산업에서 차지하는 비율이 49.8%이고, 농업생산이 국가전체 GDP 에서 차지하는 비중이 21.4%로서 비교적 높은 편이다. 3. 이 나라의 농업은 강우량이 적고 건조한 기후조건 때문에 주로 관개에 의존하고 있으며, 관개재배 면적은 약 70.2만 ha 이고, 주요 농작물은 밀, 목화, 보리, 사료작물, 사과, 포도, 옥수수, 감자, 양파, 벼, 토마토 등 이지만, 수량성이 낮아 밀 등 주곡을 수입하고 있다. 4. 축산업이 농업전체 생산액에서 차지하는 비율은 21.7%이고 주로 유목에 의존하고 있으며 유우, 육우, 면양, 염소, 토끼 및 닭이 주된 가축이고 양봉도 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 5. 타지키스탄에는 5,000종의 식물이 분포하고 있고, 왜성밀, 참깨, 멜론, 무, 마늘, 사과, 배, 포도, 베리 류 등 50종의 원산지이고 총 5,317점의 자원을 현지외 보존하고 있으며, 식물원에서도 중앙아시아 고유종 750종을 포함하여 1,500종의 식물을 보존하고 있다. 6. 타지키스탄과는 현재 농업기술협력 사업이 추진되고 있지 않지만 앞으로 농업생산기술이나 농업생산 기반시설 분야에 대한 협력이 필요할 것이다. 특히, 식물유전자원이 다양하게 분포하고 비교적 보유자원 수도 많으나 유전자원 저장시설이 미흡하고 증식 등 관리 분야도 체계적으로 수행되고 있지 못하므로 농업유전자원의 체계적인 관리에 대한 교육과 지원을 통하여 협력관계를 구축하면서 상호 도움이 되는 방안이 적극 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Onion(Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important crops to the fresh vegetable spices and the food processing industry in Korea. To evaluate genetic variation in onion, major agricultural characteristics and biochemical characteristics such as flowering day, harvest day, brix and so on. Phenolic compound compositions were analyzed for 44 accessions. Accessions in white color was about 92% which is the largest one followed by standard criteria. The sweetness of juice ranged from 6.1 to 19.3(in brix), and Brix range of 117 accessions was from 10.1 to 14.0. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to identify the phenolic profile and quantify phenolic content in bulbs: quercetin, quercetin 7, 4’-diglucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside were detected as major components. The total Quercetin and Quercetin glycoside content ranged between 123.59 and 1155.84 mg/100mg bulb freeze dried weight. The quercetin contents was up to 16.7mg/100g, and 7.41mg/100g in average. It is expected that the result of this study can be used for breeding more competitive species with respect to contents in functional chemicals.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds contain abundant oil and antioxidative lignans related to the seed quality. To evaluate the potential effects of drought stress on the chemical composition of sesame seeds, eighteen cultivars were imposed water-deficit condition by withholding irrigation during 15 days at podding and maturing stage, compared with well-watered plants as control in seed yield and chemical composition. Drought treatments showed great decrease of seed yield with not affecting seed weight. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin decreased while lignan glycosides inversely increased in response to drought stress. Oil content was not significantly changed by drought treatment in spite of its slight decrease. In case of fatty acid composition, there were significant differences in increase of oleic acid while inverse decrease of linoleic acid under drought stress condition. These results demonstrate that the chemical composition of sesame seed may be modified with drought stress. In particular, the increase of sesaminol glucosides with strong antioxidative activity was observed.

This study was carried out to compare the major volatile components in essential oil from different origin of Atractylodes spp. which is being traded as a crude herbal drug in Korean herbal markets. From the two Atractylodes of major volatile components were similarly detected such as the β-selinene, β-sesquiphellandrene, germacrene B, 2,7-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene and 9-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro3,2-qcoumarin. Among the volatile components, the major components were 2,7-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene (40.98%), 9-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro 3,2-q coumarin (15.74%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (1.98%) in both Atractylodes. As a results, It was found that the two Atractylodes were the same species which was being traded in the Korean herbal markets as the A. japonica. not to different species of A. japonica and A. macrocephalla, respectively.

This study was carried out to establish an optimum method for identifying the volatile components of Magnolia ovobata Thunb. using the dynamic headspace (Purge & Trap) and simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) method. Between the two different identification analysis, the volatile components were more easily detected in the SDE than the Purge & Trap method. Among the identified volatile components, the 12 compounds were detected to have similar retention times and match quality within the 45 minutes in both identification methods. The maximum values of the major volatile components were detected differently by SDE and (Purge & Trap) method such as α-pinene (3.4, 18.2%), β-pinene (3.5, 10.3%), l-limonene (5.2, 15.4%). These results indicated that the Dynamic Headspace (Purge & Trap) was much more reliable method for identifying the volatile components of Magnolia ovobata Thunb. as compared to the SDE method.

The various plant organs of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were investigated to identify their volatile components using Dynamic Headspace (purge & trap). They showed slight differences concerning the volatile components both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results revealed that trans-anethole (12.65%) was the major compound in the leaf. The highest compound was α-pinene (28.78%), and trans-anethole (7.90%) was highly detected in the stem. The maximum values were 5.64, 4.59, 1.58, 1.51, and 1.04% for α-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineol and fenchone, respectively in the flower. However, very little trans-anethole was detected (0.27%) in the flower. From these results, it was suggested that the major components were different depending on the plant organs. However it was demonstrated that the related plant organs like flower-fruit and leaf-stem contained the similar components.

This study was carried out to get basic information about the morphological and production characteristics of fennel populations different origin under different ecological conditions in Hungary. The Korean population can be registered as a medium high genotype and showed a more accelerated growth characters than Hungarian taxon and the two populations have a medium homogeneity (CV = 4~22%). In the second year plant height in Hungarian taxon was significantly higher than that of the Korean population. The shooting dynamic of individual plants might be heterogeneous in both taxa and the Korean population was not only shorter in the height but had also less shoots by 16% than the Hungarian one. The Hungarian taxon exceeded the umbel size and numbers to the Korean one (by 3.62 cm in the average) and the variability in the populations was high (CV = 29~49%). Seed size was proved to be also a discriminative feature between the examined taxa. With small deviations (CV 〈 2) the Hungarian population produced seeds longer by 38%. Homogeneity in the populations was dependent more on the vegetation years and on the characteristics measured but less on the origins, respectively.

The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and their composition determined capillary GC method with standards. The essential oil content showed significant differences between the two populations on the vegetative organs. The essential oil level of the leaves and roots was considerably higher in the Korean population at full flowering and waxy ripening stage but essential oil content of the roots was significantly higher in the Hungarian taxon at leaf rosette stage. We observed the essential oil accumulation tendency was mianly dependent on plant organs and intra-specific taxon during the vegeation period. Butylidene-phthalide was proved to be the main component of the oil in both population roots (50.9-73.3%), while dimethyl-acetate was showed as a major compound on the over-ground parts (56.7-62.0%). The qualitative composition of the essential oil in the reproductive organs concerning the identified compounds was the same as the vegetative parts with the main component α-phellandrene (4.8-28.1%) and butylidene-phtalide (9.7-16.1%), The quantitative composition showed some changes during the ontogenesis phases. Most characteristic ones are the decreasing proportion of dimethyl-acetate (from 7.3% to 1.1%) and the appearance of α-pinene (from 0.5% to 1.5%) only after fruit setting in both population.