The newly developed varieties, Jayoung (violet flesh color) and Hongyoung (red flesh color) that harboring various anthocyanins and flavonoids in flesh colored potato are highly increase their interesting not only for food but also functional characteristics such as anti-inflammatory effects. Up to date, most of the molecular markers developed in potato are linked to disease resistance including late blight and PVY, nematode. A few markers linked to economically important functional materials such as anthocyanin biosynthesis are published. With the low cost and high throughput of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology, numerous molecular markers are highly increased in may crops. Among the molecular markers, SNPs (Single nucleotide Polymorphisms) are most useful markers owing to their large numbers in inter and intra varieties in potato. Here we reported SNPs discovery from transcriptome sequencing data acquired from colored flesh potato cultivars, Jayoung and Hongyoung with white flesh color Atlantic. Total RNA was isolated from shoot in tuber after breaking dormancy about 2cm length. Short read sequence data were obtained form Illumina Hiseq2000 and the raw dat set were trimmed with Q socore over 20. Sequencing data were align to reference genome (Solanum tuberosum v4.03, http://potatogeomics.plantbiolgy.msu.edu). About 70% of sequence read were mapped int to reference genome. 139,050, 140,976 and 146,429 total SNPs were discovered in Hongyoung, Jayoung and Atlantic, respectively. All SNPs are mapped into the psedomolecules in reference genome by chromosome. SNPs are also analyzed with homozygous and heterozygous SNPs and genic and intergenic region. SNPs are compared with Potato Infinium 8K Chip data. SNPs found in candidate genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis were discovered. These SNPs information of flesh colored potato will be further analyzed for the allele mining for anthocyanin syhthesis and control region

Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartaryan buckwheat, also called as bitter buckwheat (F. tartarycum) grain and leaves (buds) are used in various dietary preparations and as leafy vegetable. The cultivated area of buckwheat is increased based on its nutritional value. Particularly bitter buckwheat is a rich source of rutin compared to common buckwheat which helps in reducing intra-vascular cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and is also reported to have a crucial role in pharmaceutical research. With this functional characteristics of bitter buckwheat, the cultivation is now highly increased. But a few genetic and genomic research of tartari buckwheat are published until now. Here we described the complete full chloroplast genome sequence with NGS. Tartary buckwheat complete chloroplast genome is composed of a total sequence length of 159,272 bp which is 327 bp lesser than common buckwheat genome of 159,599 bp. Large single copy region (LSC) is comprised of 84,398 bp in tartary and 84,888 bp in common buckwheat whereas small single copy region (SSC) is 13,292 bp and 13,343 bp and the size of inverted repeat region (IR) is 61,532 bp and 61,368 bp in tartary and common buckwheat respectively. Total RNA bases were 11942 and 11950 and overall GC-content in tartary and common buckwheat is almost similar which is 37.9% and 38% with a GC skew of -0.016 and 0.02 respectively. Total repeat bases accounted for 1,056 bp and 804 bp with an average repeat length of 48 bp and 45 bp and the length of an average intergenic distance was 495 bp and 502 bp in tartary and common buckwheat respectively. F. tarataticum cp genome has a total of 104 genes including 82 protein coding genes, 29 transfer RNA genes and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Protein coding genes include photosynthesis related genes majorly in addition to transcription and translation related genes. LSC region has 62 protein coding genes and 22 tRNA genes whereas SSC region contains 11 protein coding genes and one tRNA gene. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of protein coding genes in LSC, SSC and inverted repeat regions in F.tartaricum and F.esculentum are highly similar with a total average identity of 98.8 and 98.3% respectively.

Bitter buckwheat, also called tartari buckwheat (F. tartaricum), contains large amount of rutin and it has antioxidant activity compared to common buckwheat. But after harvesting and processing, the discrimination of two species through visual inspection was almost impossible. Therefore we developed InDel markers to identify common and tartari buckwheat content based on the chloroplast genome sequence. We conducted complete full chloroplast genome sequence of tartari buckwheat and compared with common buckwheat chloroplast genome sequence (NC010776). Based on the mVISTA alignment, we found eight big InDel (above 50bp) regions. Among the InDel, 6 regions are intergenic region and two are genic region in ycf1. We designed InDel specific primers and applied to PCR with buckwheat genomic DNA to check the discrimination of two species. These InDel specific primers also applied to buckwheat germplasm, 75 tartari and 21 common buckwheat. Among the primers, 5 markers could be successfully amplified in all germplasm species specific amplicon. And we can detect 10pg/ul of DNA and processed food such as tea and noodle. These results could improve the QC (Quality control) of tartari buckwheat food