본 연구에서는 국내 콩 유전체의 변이밀집영역(dVB)에서 유 래한 27개 InDel 마커를 신품종 20개에 적용하여 품종판별용 마커로서 범용성을 검증하고 신품종의 구별성과 국내 품종의 유전적 다양성을 확인하였다. 20개 신품종과 MyCrops에 포함된 기존 149개 품종과의 유사도는 평균 61.3%이고, 최저 25.9%에서 최대 96.3%의 유사도로 완전 일치(100%)되는 바코드는 없어 20개 신품종의 유전적 구별성을 모두 확인할 수 있었다. 유연관계를 분석한 결과에서는 신품종을 포함한 국내 169품종이 4개의 유전집단으로 구분되었으며 풋콩 및 단기성 콩의 80%가 I-2 소그룹, 나물콩의 65.9%가 II-2 소그룹에 주로 속한 반면, 장류 및 두부콩은 I-1 (44.4%), I-2 (26.4%), II-2 (23.6%) 소그룹에 고르게 분포하였다. 20개 신품종에 대한 계보도는 나물콩 주요 계보와 장류 및 두부콩으로 크게 두 그룹으로 나누어지며 유연 관계분석을 뒷받침하였다. 품종판별을 위한 최소 마커를 선발 하기 위해 PIC가 높은 공통마커와 품종별 특이마커를 선발하는 2단계 과정을 통해 품종에 따라 7~9개의 최소 마커로 신품종의 진위를 판별할 수 있었다. 이처럼 콩 변이밀집영역에서 유래된 27개 InDel 마커와 이를 이용한 신품종 바코드 정보의 지속적인 업데이트는 수입산에 대한 국산 품종의 보호와 육성가의 권리 증진에 기여하며, 더불어 육종과정 중 신규 유전변이를 도입하고 목표형질을 선발하는 등 육종 효율을 개선하는데도 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Knowledge of the chromosomal constitution of the ancestors of modern soybean will complement plant breeding efforts to improve agronomic and economic characteristics of soybean. Variation block (VB)-based comparison using genome-wide insertion/deletion (InDel) markers was used on a diverse panel of 147 soybean cultivars to assess the impact of chromosomal changes during modern breeding. There were identical variation patterns of the examined InDels consistently appearing in the genome parts arising from parental varieties, indicating that soybean chromosomes in descendants should be all determined by genetic reshuffling of VBs inherited from parental chromosomes. Structure analysis of the accessions through the 202 InDels separated the accessions into four subgroups. Gene introgression revealed by the structure analysis agreed with the fact that a limited number of landraces and elite varieties were introduced and used as donors for breeding soybean cultivars in pedigree analysis. Especially, VBs became more reshuffled over time as a result of the breeding process, which resulted in using breeding parents with new VB-types for improving the end-use value of soybean. Therefore, their clustering using the 202 VB-specific InDels is strongly influenced by the difference in breeding ancestors among the subgroups. This indicates that the 202 InDel markers are very useful for genetic study by analyzing the reshuffling patterns of the parental genomes in the descendant.

감자 수요를 확대하기 위해서는 소득 증가와 함께 소비자 의 관심이 증대하고 있는 신선편이식품으로 시장을 보다 더 넓혀 나가야 한다. 이를 위해서는 감자에 존재하는 유독 물질 인 glycoalkaloids에 대한 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 도 입품종인 대서, 수미와 최근 국내에서 개발된 하령, 고운, 홍 영, 자영 품종을 포함하여 국내 주요 24품종을 대상으로 부위 별 PGA 함량을 분석하였으며 그 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음 과 같다. 1. 총 PGA 함량(mg/100g·FW)은 하령(10.1), 수미(9.3), 홍영(7.3), 자영(6.9), 대서(4.8), 고운(3.4), 자심(3.1) 순으로 나타났다. 2. 공시품종의 껍질부위 PGA 함량은 전체 함량의 41 ~ 85% 분포를 보였으며, 국내주요 재배 품종에서 대서는 PGA 함량이 껍질(85%)에서 높고 육질 부위(0.7)에서 낮아 PGA 독성으로부터 가장 안전한 품종이었다. 3. 특히 고운, 자심 품종은 PGA 함량이 제일 낮아 껍질째 감자를 이용하기에 적절하며 중간모본으로 활용가치가 크다 고 판단된다.

Arabis glabra is a localized common rhizomatous flowering plant, This plant is often used in Korean traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for blood cleaning, detoxification, abscess, gastrospasm, arthritis, contraction and diarrhea. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of A. glabra using the ethanolic extract and its sub-fractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on RAW 264.7macrophages. Our results indicated that hexane and chloroform fraction significantly inhibited the LPSinduced NO and PGE2 production in the cells. The hexane fraction inhibitory activity for NO tests with IC50 values showed in 21.0 ㎍/㎖. The chloroform fraction inhibitory activity for PGE2 tests with IC50 values showed in 18.0 ㎍/㎖. These efficacy are expected to be able to present the potential for the development of health functional food for the prevention inflammatory diseases because it has sufficient preventive medical possibilities. Further, it is determined that it is necessary to further study the mechanism of cytokine and protein expression associated with inflammation.

Potato glycoalkaloids(PGAs) are potentially toxic to humans at high levels and current safety regulations have recommended that PGAs content in tubers of potato cultivars should not exceed 20 mg/100g·FW. Accordingly, it is important to determine the PGAs composition and levels on potato cultivars for food safty and the breeding for new cultivars with low levels of PGAs. The main aim of this study was to evaluate α-chaconine, α-solanine and total PGAs content in the peel and cortex portions in 24 cultivars including ‘Haryoung’, ‘Goun’, ‘Hongyoung’ and ‘Jayoung’, recently released by Highland Agricultural Research Institute. The total PGAs ranged from 3.1 to 10.1 mg/100g·FW. 75-94% of total PGAs was existed in the peel part of all cultivars. We selected two cultivars, which can be eaten wth the skin on tubers, and so used for soy sauce braised potatoes and baby potatoes for the rest area. These results will provide consumers and breeders with fundamental information about the content of PGAs in Korea major cultivars.

This study was carried out to determine environmental factors affecting the anthocyanin content of colorfleshed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. After planting of two color-fleshed potato cultivars of ‘Hongyoung’ and ‘Jayoung’ in different 14 locations, their soil chemical properties and meteorological data were evaluated, and anthocyanin contents of tubers were analyzed after harvest, additionally their relationship among them was analyzed through correlation analysis. In comparison with two cultivars, purple-fleshed ‘Jayoung’ potatoes showed higher anthocyanin content than red-fleshed ‘Hongyoung’ in almost locations. When locations were divided to three categories (highland, sub-highland and lowland) according to altitude, in general, highland-grown tubers had the higher content of anthocyanin compared to those grown in lowland. An analysis of the results of chemical components of soil showed that anthocyanin content of color-fleshed potato tubers was negatively correlated with the pH of soil. In addition, mean temperature and minimum temperature from 80 to 100 days after planting most significantly affected on the accumulation of anthocyanin in color-fleshed potato tubers, that is, higher content of anthocyanin was observed in tubers produced in locations with lower mean temperature and minimum temperature from 80 to 100 days after planting. This information can be useful to producers and industries in selection of proper fields for the production of color-fleshed potato tubers having high quality in Korea.

The newly developed varieties, Jayoung (violet flesh color) and Hongyoung (red flesh color) that harboring various anthocyanins and flavonoids in flesh colored potato are highly increase their interesting not only for food but also functional characteristics such as anti-inflammatory effects. Up to date, most of the molecular markers developed in potato are linked to disease resistance including late blight and PVY, nematode. A few markers linked to economically important functional materials such as anthocyanin biosynthesis are published. With the low cost and high throughput of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology, numerous molecular markers are highly increased in may crops. Among the molecular markers, SNPs (Single nucleotide Polymorphisms) are most useful markers owing to their large numbers in inter and intra varieties in potato. Here we reported SNPs discovery from transcriptome sequencing data acquired from colored flesh potato cultivars, Jayoung and Hongyoung with white flesh color Atlantic. Total RNA was isolated from shoot in tuber after breaking dormancy about 2cm length. Short read sequence data were obtained form Illumina Hiseq2000 and the raw dat set were trimmed with Q socore over 20. Sequencing data were align to reference genome (Solanum tuberosum v4.03, http://potatogeomics.plantbiolgy.msu.edu). About 70% of sequence read were mapped int to reference genome. 139,050, 140,976 and 146,429 total SNPs were discovered in Hongyoung, Jayoung and Atlantic, respectively. All SNPs are mapped into the psedomolecules in reference genome by chromosome. SNPs are also analyzed with homozygous and heterozygous SNPs and genic and intergenic region. SNPs are compared with Potato Infinium 8K Chip data. SNPs found in candidate genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis were discovered. These SNPs information of flesh colored potato will be further analyzed for the allele mining for anthocyanin syhthesis and control region

Glycoalkaloids are a family of toxic secondary metabolites present in the plants of solanaceae family, which serve for plant defense. Two major glycoalkaloids present in plants are a-solanine and a-chaconine. The upper safe limit of glycoalkaloids for human consumption is 20mg/KG FW and its excess may cause severe health disorders. Light is the major factor known to increase the glycoalkaloid content in post harvest potato tuber. Glycoalkaloid pathway is not completely understood. Hence, identification and characterization of SGA biosynthetic genes and the genetic factors that control their expression levels assumes significance. Present investigation was focused on the study of expression pattern of key genes in steroidal glycoalkaloidal pathway under various light qualities in potato (Solanum tuberosum L). Two potato cultivars Atlantic and Haryeong which accumulates low and high glycoalkaloids respectively were used to check the levels of gene expression under various light qualities viz., red, blue, white, green, yellow, purple, UV light and in dark at different time intervals. Expression of three genes viz., SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 which are directly involved and four other genes, HMG1, SQS1, SMT1 and SMT2 in the pathway envisaged to be indirectly involved in the glycoalkaloid formation was quantified by RT PCR. Varietal variation in the expression among the genes was observed in different light qualities. White, red and green light compared to other light qualities majorly contributed for the increased expression of genes for glycoalkaloid accumulation at different time intervals. Importantly, there is no significant transcript accumulation of these genes in dark condition. However, more efforts would be extended for further understanding of glycoalkaloid accumulation under light.