Background: Many previous studies recommended the side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise for targeting the gluteus medius (Gmed) and gluteus maximus (Gmax) muscle activity while the decreasing tensor fasciae latae (TFL) activation. Mischoice of hip position and angle in SHA may increase the risk of lower extremity injuries and undesirable muscle activation. However, information is limited on the effect of composite hip flexion angles and hip rotation on the gluteal muscle activity during SHA. Objects: This study aimed to compare muscle activity (Gmed, TFL, and Gmax) and activity ratios (Gmed/TFL, Gmax/TFL, and Gmed/Gmax) using surface electromyography (EMG) during SHA exercise at three different hip flexion angles either with or without internal rotation (IR) in subjects with Gmed weakness. We hypothesized that applying hip flexion and IR during SHA would increase gluteal muscle activity and decrease TFL activity. Methods: Muscle activity and activity ratios in 20 volunteers with Gmed weakness during 6 different SHA were investigated with surface EMG. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: Significant differences were found among the six different exercises for Gmed (F2,41=11.817, p<.001) and Gmax (F3,52=5.513, p=.003) muscle activity, and Gmed/TFL (F3,54=8.735, p<.001) and Gmax/TFL (F2,37=4.019, p=.028) activity ratios. Conclusion: Applying hip flexion is an effective method for increasing gluteal activity, and it elicits great Gmed/TFL and Gmax/TFL activity ratios during SHA in subjects with Gmed weakness.

Cho Hye-jin. 2016. “Negotiation of Meaning in Computer-Mediated Communication in Relation to Task Types”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 271~309. The present study aims to explore how negotiation of meaning occurs in a task-based CMC among ESL students. Paired with one another, 18 ESL students were asked to engage in online discussion once a week for 3 weeks in order to complete 3 types of language task: jigsaw, information-gap, and decision-making tasks. The finding shows that only a few examples (11%) contributed to negotiation routines. Twenty-one percent of the negotiation routines were identified as modified interactions. The information-gap task elicited the most negotiation routines. However, what the students perceived was different from the numerical results regarding task types. They reported that the jigsaw was the most intriguing and beneficial task rather than the information-gap. Relatively little negotiation routine can be attributed to learner perceptions of tasks. Learner behaviors such as not asking questions, their eagerness to proceed with the task, and face-saving action were observed as efforts to maintain social communication. Sending segmented messages instead of complete sentences was found as a face-saving action as well.

본 연구에서는 의류용 직물의 소리와 변환색채의 특성을 분류하고, 역학특성과의 관계분석을 통해 직물의 역학적 특성과 소리 그리고 변환색채와의 관계를 상관분석하고자 하였다. 다양한 의류용 직물의 스치는 소리를 녹음한 후 소리의 물리량으로 군집분석을 하였으며, Okamoto와 Mori의 색채변환 프로그램을 이용하여 직물의 소리를 색채로 변환하였다. 직물의 소리는 각각 silky, crispy, paper-like, worsted, flax의 다섯 그룹으로 나뉘었다. Silky는 매끄럽고 부드러운 견직물 등으로 구성되었으며, LPT(소리의 음압), δf, ARC값이 군집 중 가장 낮아 심리 음향학적 loudness(z)와 sharpness(z)가 제일 낮은 조용한 직물들로 나타났다. 변환된 색채는 홍색 계열이었으며 색채 빈도수가 가장 많았다. raper-like는 뻣뻣하고 파삭파삭한 직물들로 LPT, δf ARC값이 군집 중 가장 높아 loudness와 sharpness가 높은 시끄러운 직물들로 나타났다. Worsted는 모직물과 모직물 느낌의 직물들로 LPT, δf, loudness값이 paper-like다음으로 높은 값을 보였으며 sharpness는 유사했다. Paper-like와 worsted의 변환된 색채는 청색 계열이 주류를 이루었으며 매우 낮은 색채 빈도수를 나타냈다. Crispy는 표면이 까실까실한 느낌의 직물들로 loudness(z)와 sharpness(z)의 값은 높지 않았으나 변환된 색채는 다양한 색채계열과 빈도수를 나타냈다.