Monochamus saltuarius Gebler are the insect vector of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) mostly in the mid-northern areas of South Korea. In 2017, we installed sentinel logs to lure efficient parasitic wasps of the vector and to evaluate ecological characteristics of parasitoids in prior to the development of biological control strategy for the PWN transmitting insect vector. As a result of the survey, we found Spathius verustus Chao (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a predominant parasitoid with the highest parasitism rate among six species of larval parasitoids. The parasitism rate was higher along the edge (0m of the forest depth) of the survey sites than the inner sides (20m and 40m of the forest depth). Also, the parasitoid showed highest parasitism rate in late-May at one of Gapyeong_sites, where was supposed to be the oldest infected areas. Lastly, the parasitism rate along the trap heights was higher at height of 0m than the 1.8m above the ground.

The Genus Eugahania Mercet belongs to the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), containing 8 species in the world. They are mostly parasitoids on the nymphs of leafhoppers (Hemiptera). Until now, Eugahania have been barely studied in the world. In this study, the genus Eugahanua is reported for the first time from Korea including two new records. A key to the species, and diagnoses and photographs for each species are provided.

In the present study, we make a first report on the complete mitochondrial DNA genome of Leptaulax koreanus, a Korean endemic species, in Passalidae. The mitogenome is 18,730 base pairs with 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and a 4240 bp long AT-rich region. The overall base composition is 78.4% AT and 21.6% GC. The maximum likelihood analysis inferred that L. koreanus is a sister to other Scarabaeoidea species. The phylogeny suggested that L. koreanus is the basal group of Scarabaeoidea.

The genus Nipponopsyche Yazaki is reported from Korea with an unrecorded species, N. fuscescens Yazaki for the first time. Adult, larva, pupa and genitalia of the species are redescribed with SEM illustrations, and DNA barcode for precise identification of the species is also provided.

흑백알락나비 (Hestina persimilis (Westwood, 1850))는 한반도의 평안남도 이남의 내륙지역에 넓게 분포하고, 국외의 경우 일본, 중국, 히말라야 일대에 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 종에 대한 생활사 연구는 김과 서(2011)에 의해 월동유충, 종령, 번데기 등에 대한 일부 보고가 있을 뿐 자세한 생활사에 대한 기록은 전무하다. 본 연구를 통해 한국산 흑백알락나비의 생태적 습성 및 미성숙단계 (알, 유충, 번데기)의 형태적 특징 등 자세한 생활사 정보를 보고하고자 한다.

Encyrtidae, belonging to Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), includes about 4,000 species in 460 genera worldwide. Many of the members are very important biological control agents of insect pests such as scale-insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Many species have been relatively well studied in various taxonomic and biological fields because of economical and ecological importance of Encyrtidae. However, Korean encyrtids are poorly studied so far. In this presentation we will introduce the current status of taxonomy and biological characteristics of Encyrtidae. In addition further study plans are also presented.

Two species in Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are wellknown vector species of the pine wood nematode (PWN) in South Korea. In 2018, the surveys using sentinel logs with two Monochamus species larvae were made from early June to last September in Pinus densiflora forests of Pohang city, South Korea. The experiments were repeated 10 times in order to investigate parasitism patterns of the larval parasitoids of M. saltuarius and M. alternatus. Three plots were chose at interval distance of 20 m (0 m, 20 m, 40 m) from the edge to the center of the forests (i.e. forest depths) in one damage area of the pine wilt disease for each of three different locations. For each time of the exposure ten sentinel logs were hung along the tree heights (i.e. sentinel logs positions) (height: 0 m, 1.8 m, 3.6 m, 5.4 m, 7.2 m). As the results of the surveys six larval parasitoids in total were identified, and most abundant parasitoids were Spathius verustus and Cynopterus flavator. Analyses showed that the parasitism rate on larvae of two Monochamus species was not affected according to forest depth, but the parasitism rate was the highest in the third plot. Also the parasitism rate was the highest at 5.4 m height of a tree. Lastly, parasitisms rate on M. alternatus was higher than that of M. saltuarius.

Hymenoptera is one of four largest orders of insects, with over 150,000 described species, 132 families, 27 superfamilies, and 2 suborders. There are currently about 3,000 hymenopteran species in 65 families and 20 superfamilies known in South Korea, of which the majority of the families have been studied while some of them are still poorly studied. The present overview on South Korean Hymenoptera aims to provide brief taxonomic history of the studies, a complete bibliography, a list of South Korean hymenopteran species, and information on South Korean hymenopterists for each taxon.

The order Hymenoptera contains over 150,000 species worldwide comprising up to 132 families, divided traditionally into two suborders, e.g., Symphyta Gerstäcker, 1867 and Apocrita Gerstäcker, 1867. Also, the morphology, ecology, and behavior of Hymenoptera are exceedingly diverse. The classification system of Hymenoptera has undergone some changes; with the growth of detailed knowledge and technique an increasing number of genera and families has been recognized. Herein, we present current status of higher level classification within Hymenoptera and suggest future directions for more extensive taxonomic researches on South Korean Hymenoptera.

During the last few decades, we have faced problems caused by some invasive forest pests such as the black locust gall midge, spotted lanternfly, citrus flatid planthopper, pine wood nematode, etc. As for the pine wood nematode, it is originated from the US and found two insect vectors which previously were not considered as insect pests at all in Korea. Now those two Monochamus cerambycids are nothing but insect pests to be controlled in order to slow down the spread of the pine wood nematode. Here we introduce the results of the surveys seeking out parasitoids which can be used for biological controls against those pests. In addition we also make a suggestion to keep our efforts to utilize those beneficial insects as eco-friendly control measures, not simply depending on physical or chemical methods.

큰머리톱가슴긴고목벌레[Mimemodes cribratus (Reitter)] (신칭)을 국내에서 처음으로 보고하고, 한국산 톱가슴긴고목벌레과의 종 분류 검색표 및 본 종의 기재문과 식별형질에 대한 사진을 제공한다.

Monochamus saltuarius Gebler (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a well-known as vector species of the pine wood nematode (PWN) in the northern areas of South Korea. In 2017, larval parasitoids of M. saltuarius and their parasitism patterns were investigated in Pinus koraiensis forests with consideration of sentinel logs positions (height: 0 m vs. 1.8 m), distances from the edge to the center of the forest (0, 20, 40, 60, 80m), and damage degrees of the pine wilt disease (infested area, buffer area, and uninfested area). In total six of larval parasitoids were collected: Spathius verustus, Sclerodermus harmandi, Cynopterus flavator, Heydenia testacea, Heydenia sp., Braconidae sp. The parasitism rate to larvae of M. saltuarius larvae was not affected by sentinel log positions. However, the parasitism rate was significantly higher in infested areas compared to the buffer and uninfested areas. In the infested area, the parasitism rate was increased with distance from forest edges.

2016년도에 조사를 수행한 경상북도 내 위치한 산림유전자원보호구역 3개 지역(봉화･영주･울진)의 곤충 군집 변화를 확인하기 위하여 5월에서 9월까지 함정 트랩(pitfall trap)을 이용하여 5회씩 3반복하여 각각 상대적으로 비교 하였다. 채집된 딱정벌레류는 딱정벌레과 등 22과 141종 2,415개체가 확인 되었으며, MRPP (Multi-response Permutation procedures)분석 결과 서식지간의 군집구조차이가 있음을 확인 하였고(p < 0.001), Bray-cutis 분석결과 군집간의 차이와 함께 신갈나무 군락이 보행성 딱정벌레류의 종 풍부도에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고 소나무군락 은 비교적 낮은 영향을 받았다. 식생유형에 대한 지표종 분석결과 신갈나무 군락에서 붉은칠납작먼지벌레(Synuchus cycloderus Bates, 1873)를 포함한 4종, 자작나무 군락에서는 노랑털검정반날개(Ocypus weisei Harold, 1877)를 포함한 3종, 소나무 군락에서는 홍딱지반날개(Platydracus brevicornis Motschulsky, 1862)를 포함한 3종의 지표종 변화를 확인 하였다.

Henryana Yoshimoto, 1983 is a rare genus in Tetrastichinae, Eulophidae with only one species known from USA and Brazil. A species of the genus is newly recognized in South Korea. The genus has peculiar characters for a tetrastichine species. The genus can be easily distinguished from other genera by following characters: head with postgenal sulcus and with strongly swollen gena; vertex extending much higher that dorsal margin of eye; submarginal vein with usually 3 short dorsal setae that are in distinct contrast to the very long setae on marginal vein; entire body extremely elongated. Images and description of diagnostic characters are given in the present study.

연구를 통해 나비목(Lepidoptera) 곡식좀나방상과(Tineoidea)내에 속하는 곡식좀나방붙이과*(Meessiidae)의 국내 분포가 새롭게 확인되어 보고한다. 또한 곡식좀나방붙이과 점박이좀나방붙이속*(genus Eudarcia)의 신종후보 3종 및 한국미기록 1종에 대한 성충, 생식기 특징과 국내 분포 등 이용 가능한 다양한 정보를 작성 및 제공하는 바이다.

The family Monotomidae Laporte includes about 240 species placed in 33 genera worldwide and five species in three genera have been recorded to date in the Korean Peninsula. Mimemodes Reitter contains 15 species occurring worldwide including nine Palaearctic species, of which five are recorded in Japan. In the Korean Peninsula, the genus and a single species, Mimemodes emmerichi Mader, were first recorded by Kang et al. In the present study, we report an additional Korean species of the genus, namely Mimemodes cribratus (Reitter). We provide a redescription, images of habitus and diagnostic characters of the species along with a key to Korean species of Monotomidae.

한국산 밑들이벌속의 분류학적 재검토를 수행한 결과, 미기록종인 짧은밑들이벌(Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860) (신칭)의 국내분포를 처 음으로 보고한다. 한국산 밑들이벌속의 검색표, 식별형질, 생태정보, 주요 형질에 대한 사진을 함께 제시한다.

The genus Testudobracon (Braconidae: Braconinae) is reported for the first tine in Korea. The genus is a small genuswith 12 species distributed in the world, of which species are known as ectoparasitoids of the cecidomyiid (Diptera).Testudobracon species are distinguished from other braconid genus by the following characters: terminal flagellomere pointedbut without a prominent spine; mesoscutum largely setae, notauli well developed.In this study, a braconid genus, Testudobracon, is recorded from Korea for the firs time based on Testudobracon pleuralis(Ashmead, 1906). we provided diagnosis, host list and photographs of diagnostic characteristics for this species.

Bethylus Latreille, a type genus of the family Bethylidae, is represented by about 32 species and is recorded fromthe Palaearctic and the Nearctic regions. In East Asia, the genus has been reported from Far Eastern Russia, China andJapan. The genus was well-known as ectoparasitoid of micro-lepidopteran insects including gelechiids, coleophorids.As results of taxonomic study on Korean Bethylinae, the distribution of Bethylus is newly confirmed in South Koreaand the species was identified as B. fuscicornis (Jurine, 1807). We provide the description, diagnostic illustrations of B.fuscicornis and a key to Korean genus of Bethylinae.

In the present study, we report the first complete mitochondrial DNA genome of the genus Callipogon based on C.relictus, a natural monument and endangered species in South Korea. The mitogenome is 15,742 base pairs with 13 proteincoding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a 1033 bp long AT-rich region. The overall base composition was67.3% AT and 32.7 GC. Among 13 PCGs, seven genes (Nad2, Atp8, Atp6, Nad4L, Nad6, Cob, Nad1) harbour the typicalstop codon TAA or TAG, whereas remaining five genes terminate with T. Interestingly, Cox3 employs AGA as the terminationcodon.