Epitaxial (1120) a-plane GaN films were grown on a (1102) R-plane sapphire substrate with photoresist (PR) masks using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The PR mask with striped patterns was prepared using an ex-situ lithography process, whereas carbonization and heat treatment of the PR mask were carried out using an in-situ MOCVD. The heat treatment of the PR mask was continuously conducted in ambient H2/NH3 mixture gas at 1140℃ after carbonization by the pyrolysis in ambient H2 at 1100℃. As the time of the heat treatment progressed, the striped patterns of the carbonized PR mask shrank. The heat treatment of the carbonized PR mask facilitated epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of a-plane GaN films without carbon contamination on the R-plane sapphire substrate. Thhe surface morphology of a-plane GaN films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The structural characteristics of a-plane GaN films on an R-plane sapphire substrate were evaluated by ω-2θ high-resolution X-ray diffraction. The a-plane GaN films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine carbon contamination from carbonized PR masks in the GaN film bulk. After Ar+ ion etching, XPS spectra indicated that carbon contamination exists only in the surface region. Finally, the heat treatment of carbonized PR masks was used to grow high-quality a-plane GaN films without carbon contamination. This approach showed the promising potential of the ELO process by using a PR mask.

Today, technologies and automation have been accelerated up in the industrial workplace. Nevertheless, many systems still require humans to handle materials manually. The Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of modern human being's most common and complex ailments. Many risk factors with the onset of LBP have been identified, however, lifting out of Manual Material Handling(MMH) was the most important factor to the LBP. The Virtual Reality(VR) is used in a variety of ways and often in a confusion and misleading manner. In order to solve the prevention of the LBP, a lifting box was translated in the Virtual Environment(VE). As simulating under the VE, optimal lifting works could be constructed. The purpose of this study is to reduce the chronical low back pain for the manual material handlers.

수자원 기술자들은 수자원 계획에 있어서 중요한 월유출 모의 모형을 개발하여 왔으며, 우리 나라에서는 가지야마 모형을 대표적인 월유출 모형으로 이용하고 있다. 최근 Xiong과 Guo (1999)는 2-변수 월 물수지 방정식 모형 을 제안하였고, 수자원 계획과 기상학적인 영향을 분석하기 위하여 제안한 모형을 이용할 수 있음을 보였다. 그러나 그들은 시간변환 변수 c와 저수지 포장 용수량 변수 SC를 시행착오에 의하여 추정하였다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은