Roasting has revealed coffee’s potentials as a good source of bioactive compounds. This study was done to investigate the quantitative presence and activity of bioactive compounds including caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), amino acids, and antioxidant capacity on Coffea arabica L. (Guatemala finca San Sebastian) and C. robusta L. (India Azad Hind). Analysis was performed on Green Bean (GB) Medium-Light (ML), Medium (ME) and Medium-Dark (MD) samples of both varieties. From the results, caffeine content was highest in ME samples of both varieties. GB samples of both varieties had high CGA content which decreased after increasing roasting time and temperature. Most amino acids in GB samples was highest, however, glutamic acid, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine had highest quantitative increase in ME samples for both varieties. IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in ML samples of both varieties. IC50 of reducing power and total phenolic content was highest in GB sample of both varieties but decreased after increasing roasting conditions. Generally Robusta had the highest quantity of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. From this study, the optimal roasting condition for coffee is ME above which there is a significant reduction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

In vitro and in vivo experiments using Achyranthis radix and Drynariae rhizoma extracts were conducted. Antioxidant properties were analyzed and the effects on bone, glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Drynariae rhizoma (64.67%) obtained higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to Achyranthis radix (19.03%). Similar results were obtained in the reducing power. No differences were observed on the ABTS radical scavenging ability and SOD. In contrast, Achyranthis radix (77.60%) has higher chelating ability compared to Drynariae rhizoma (46.21%). In vivo experiments revealed higher plasma TBARS in OVX-DR than in OVX-AR. Opposite result was seen in erythrocyte TBARS. Hepatic, nephritic and erythrocyte enzymes were considered for the antioxidant enzyme activities. GSH-Px and PON of hepatic enzymes were higher in OVX-AR. While the CAT and GR were higher in OVX-DR. SOD, GSH-Px, GR and PON of nephritic enzymes of OVX-DR were higher compared to OVX-AR. Almost similar values were obtained in CAT using both extracts. The OVX treated rats obtained higher CAT and GR in the erythrocyte enzymes compared to SHAM. The SOD of erythrocyte enzymes in OVX-DR was higher compared to OVX-AR. On the other hand, the GSH-Px was higher in OVX-AR.