The azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., which is one of the notorious stored grain insect pest. Temperature-dependent development of C. chinensis. was examined at six temperatures of 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34℃ on azuki bean and cowpea seeds. The total developmental time (egg to adult) decreased with increasing temperature from 14 to 34℃ on both seeds. However, total developmental time varied from 127.9 and 125.9 days at 14℃ to 19.9 and 20.3 days at 34℃ on azuki bean and cowpea seeds, respectively. The lower temperature thresholds (Tmin) were estimated to be 9.52℃ and 10.36℃, and the thermal constants (K) were 526.31 DD and 454.54 DD, on azuki bean and cowpea using general linear model, respectively, and the lower temperature thresholds and the thermal constants estimated by Ikemoto-Takai linear models were 10.63℃ and 10.79℃, and were 466.18 DD and 436.28 DD, on azuki bean and cowpea, respectively. These findings on thermal requirements and temperature thresholds can be used to predict the occurrence, number of generations and population dynamics of C. chinensis.

The developmental time and survival of overwintering larvae of Monochamus saltuarius were studied at 7 constant temperatures (16, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 34℃), and a photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D) h. The total mortality of overwintering M. saltuarius was lowest at 27℃ (7%) and highest at 34℃ (93%). The total developmental time decreased with increasing temperature between 16℃ (49.48 days) and 34℃ (13.00 days). The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature was fitted by five nonlinear developmental rate models (Logan 6, Lactin 1, 2 and Briere 1, 2). The nonlinear shape of temperature development was best described by the Briere 1 model (r2=0.99). The developmental variation of overwintering larvae was well described by the three-parameter Weibull distribution model (r2=0.98). The temperature-dependent developmental models of M. saltuarius developed in this study could be used to predict emergence period of the adult, or to develop a population dynamics model of M. saltuarius.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of single and combination use of N. californicus and N. womersleyi for control of Tetranychus urticae. The experiment was conducted with 5 replications in kidney bean leaf disc (2.5cm diameter) at 25℃, 60-70% RH, a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The inoculation ratio was 5:1 for T. urticae:pytoseiidae mite and treatments are: a, N. californicus:T. urticae (4 adult female:20 adult female) b, N. womersleyi:T. urticae (4:20) c, (N. californicus+N. womersleyi):T. urticae ((2+2):20) d, Only T. ulticae (20). T. urticae population became significantly lower in the treatment plots than in the control plot but the higher egg number of T. urticae was observed in the treatment "b" plot than in "a" and "c" plots. In the "c" plot, lower number of N. womersleyi was observed than N. californicus. The result indicates that single use of N. californicus and combination use of N. californicus and N. womersleyi were more effective than single use of N. womersleyi but, there was no significantly difference between single use of N. californicus and combination use of N. californicus and N. womersleyi for control of T. urticae. Also, N. californicus appears to interfere or outcompete N. womersleyi.