Geminiviruses are plant-infecting viruses with monopartite or bipartite single-stranded circular DNA genomes. They are known to be mediated by insects such as whiteflies, treehoppers, leafhoppers or aphids and can cause devastating plant diseases in a wide range of economically significant crops worldwide. In Korea, occurrence of geminiviruses were reported officially after the 2000s. Although Honeysuckle yellow vein virus (HYVV) and Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) were identified from honeysuckle and sweet potato in 2004 and 2006 respectively, these viruses did not spread and cause much concern for geminiviruses. In 2008, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) that has caused severe tomato production loss in many subtropical and tropical countries was first reported in tomato plants cultivated in Tongyeong. TYLCV rapidly spread through the country and has been continuously reported from tomato cultivating areas in Korea. In addition to TYLCV, Tobacco leaf curl virus and Sweet potato golden vein associated virus have occurred. In recent years, new geminiviruses including Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCGdV) and Euphorbia leaf curl virus (EuLCV) have been introduced. Newly emerging geminiviruses from tropical and subtropical countries are due to increased demand for various fruits and vegetables, and climate change. In addition, there are reports that some geminiviruses including TYLCV can be transmitted by infected seeds. Therefore it is important to study on epidemiology of virus introduction and spread among the countries and within country.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly serious disease in tomatoes in many countries. The most important thing in management is the prevention of virus transmission. TYLCV had been known to be only transmitted by a vector, the sweetpotato whitelfy, Bemisia tabaci. However, we identified two other important routes of TYLCV transmission into tomatoes. It is seed-transmissible. Many seeds available in domestic and global markets were infected by TYLCV. It is also infective into various weeds and other horticultural crops and transmit virus through vector insects. Therefore, we need a new strategy for the virus and vector management.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, specific, cost-effective detection method by amplifying nucleic acid under isothermal conditions. In this study, we used LAMP for detection of Hamiltonella defensa that lives as a facultive endosymbiont of whitefly ‘Bemisia tabaci’. We designed the Hamiltonella-specific primers by targeting 16S ribosomal RNA gene and validated the specificity of one primer set. To find the optimum temperature for our primer set, the LAMP reaction was held at the temperature, 60℃, 62℃ and 65℃. As a result, 62℃ was the optimum reation temperature for LAMP reaction. Specificity of primer set was tested by the reaction to both Trialeurodes vaporariorum and B. tabaci. After the whole procedure, the amplicons by LAMP were visualized by adding SYBR Green to the reaction tube.

정확도가 높은 정사사진지도를 제작하기 위해서는 데이터의 취득에서부터 영상처리를 위한 표정 및 정밀한 검수 과정이 객관적이고 엄밀한 절차와 기준에 의해 진행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 수치항공사진영상을 이용한 정사사진 지도 제작과정을 사례 연구를 통해 상세히 분석하고 이를 통해 시사점을 확인하였다. 특히 보다 정확도가 높은 정사사진지도를 취득하기 위하여 수치항공사진에 의한 DEM 자료와 수치지형도의 등고선을 이용한 DEM 자료를 비교하였다. 그 결과 정사편위 수정을 위해 사용하는 수치고도모델은 1/5.000 수치지도를 이용할 경우에 비해 영상매칭에 의한 DEM 결과값이 0.94m 이하의 오차로 정확도가 향상하는 것으로 나타났다.