본 연구는 정서적으로 불안한 청소년들에게 동물매개중재가 실행되었던 연구들과 리뷰 논문들을 보며 어떠한 영향을 받는지 살펴봤다. 동물매개중재는 청소년의 정서조절에 긍 정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 동물들은 조건을 따지지 않고 사랑을 주며 믿음을 주어서 청소 년들의 정서에 도움이 된다. 그래서 동물매개중재는 청소년의 정서조절에 도움을 준다.

This study attempted to determine the characteristic features of postpartum dairy cows during their return to estrus. Moreover, it investigated the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles (AOC) on subsequent reproductive performance and the relationship between normal ovarian cycles (NOC) and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level postpartum. Incidentally, 56.3% of the Holstein cows and 66.7% of the Jersey cows had NOC, whereas the 43.7% and 33.3% of the Holstein and Jersey, respectively, had AOC. Within 100 days of calving, the cows with AOC had significantly lower rates of artificial insemination (AI) submission as well as pregnancy and a significantly longer interval to first AI, as compared to that in the cows with NOC. Additionally, the cows with NOC had a significantly higher first AI conception rate than that in the cows with AOC. In this study, of the 32 Holstein cows, 8 resumed their ovarian cycle within 20 days of calving, 10 resumed the cycle with 21-40 days of calving, 8 within 41-60 days of calving, while the remaining 6 did not resume their ovarian cycles until 60 days postpartum. Furthermore, the likelihood ratios of incidence of NOC are 0.93, 1.94, and 0.38, respectively, in the groups with BUN levels ＜ 15, 15-19.9, and ≥ 20 mg/ dl. In conclusion, AOC postpartum adversely affects reproductive performance such as AI submission rate, pregnancy rate, interval to first AI and first AI conception rate; moreover, an increase or decrease in the BUN levels beyond 15-19.9 mg/dL leads to the AOC postpartum.

Salmonellosis is a widespread bacterial zoonosis that commonly causes enterocolitis and foodborne poisoning leading to an extensive economic loss in domestic animal industry. Considerably, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Salmonella spp. induces further severe problems affecting public health. The present report was designated to investigate the antibacterial efficacies of three common disinfectants including an oxidizing compound disinfectant (OXC), a triple salt (TS) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) against Salmonella typhimurium subjected to the preliminary changes of drug temperature. All solutions of three disinfectants were pre-incubated at different temperature (22, 37 and 63°C) for 1 h prior to exposure to bacteria. The disinfectants and bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OMS) according to treatment condition. Under the DW condition, the disinfectant efficacy of the QAC at 63°C was higher than that of 22°C. Furthermore, under HW diluent the disinfectant efficacy of the TS pre-warmed at both of 37 and 63°C were increased compared to that of 22°C. Considerably, the efficacy of pre-warmed QAC at both of 37 and 63°C under the OMS diluent were higher than that of 22°C. Conclusively, prewarming at higher temperatures have positive effects on the stability of the antibacterial efficacies of TS and QAC.

The present study evaluated the potential use of immunoglobulin prepared from egg yolk of chickens immunized with Escherichia coli K88 (IgY-Ec) in the control of E. coli K88 infection in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage. The binding activity of IgY-Ec against E. coli K88 surface protein was more specific and increased than control IgY. In infection assay of E. coli in macrophage, the specific IgY-Ec to E. coli K88 remarkably inhibited the phagocytic activity comparing to nonspecific IgY (p<0.001). In adherence assay, bacterial adhesion on macrophage cells was definitely reduced by preincubation of IgY-Ec compared with nonspecific IgY (p<0.05). These findings suggested that IgY-Ec have the protective effects against pathogens and IgY-based diets may have potential benefits for preventing or treating various infections in domestic animals.

Graphene is an attractive material for device applications, but device characteristics are very unstable because the graphene is very sensitive to environmental factors such as charges nearby the graphene, metal contacts, defects, contaminants and other adsorbates. Since the interactions between graphene and environmental factors affect the electrical characteristics of graphene devices, the interpretation of electrical characteristics as simple as current-voltage curves is non-trivial, despite the common practice of using well known electrical characterization methods that have been used in silicon MOSFET. This paper addresses major obstacles in the electrical characterization of graphene devices and offers countermeasures to improve the accuracy of electrical characterization methods.

화장품 및 화장품 함유 방부제에 대한 병원미생물과 사람의 피부서식세균들의 증식에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 파라벤, 1,2-헥산디올, 페녹시 에탄올과 같은 방부제를 함유한 토너, 에멀젼, 크림, 유아용크림은 포도상구균, 대장균, 녹농균에 대해 강한 방부효과를 보였으며, 파라벤, 1,2-헥산디올, 페녹시 에탄올과 같은 방부제들은 포도상구균, 대장균, 녹농균과 같은 병원균 및 Staphilococcus epidermidis, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter aerogenes 등과 같은 일부 피부서식세균에 대한 강한 항균효과를 보였다. 사람의 피부에 페녹시 에탄올 함유 크림을 도포하였을 때, 피부서식 미생물들의 구성이 바뀌었다. 문 수준에서는 Proteobacteria가 증가하였고, 종 수준에서는 4P004125_s가 증가하였고, Propionibacterium humerusii 감소하였다. 이 결과들로부터 파라벤, 1,2-헥산디올, 페녹시 에탄올과 같은 방부제는 병원균에 대한 항균효과를 가짐과 동시에 페녹시 에탄올을 함유한 화장품은 피부세균군집에 변화를 줄 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.