새로운 유전자원을 창출하기 위해 풍산나물콩에 EMS를 처리한 후 돌연변이 집단을 육성하고, 돌연변이 계통 중 지방산 함량에 대한 변이체를 찾아 콩 유전육종 재료를 선발하고자 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.M2 3,744개체중 형태적 변이를 보이는 1,000개체를 선발하여 M4 세대에서 난쟁이형 (3.3%), 엽형변이 (2.6%), 엽록소결핍 (1.5%), 꽃색변이 (1.1%), 엽형변이를 보이는 난쟁이형 (0.2%)의 변이가 관찰되었다. 야생형인 풍산나물콩의지방산 함량은 palmitic acid 11.6%, stearic acid 3.4%, oleicacid 25.3%, linoleic acid 52.0%, linolenic acid 8.1%를 나타내었다. M4 892 개체의 종자지방산 함량을 분석한 결과palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenicacid 함량은 각각 7.4~19.7%, 2.2~13.0%, 14.7~49.0%, 31.8~63.9%, 3.9~15.9%의 범위를 나타내었고, 10.8%, 3.8%25.3%, 52.0%, 8.1%의 평균을 보였다. 각각의 지방산 별로 선발된 돌연변이 개체들은 다음과 같다. 고 palmitic acid함량을 나타내는 PE1542 (17.1%), PE3058 (17.0%), 고 stearicacid 함량을 나타내는 PE977 (12.7%)와 저 stearic acid 함량을 나타내는 PE2166 (1.9%), 고 oleic acid 함량을 나타내는PE450 (44.4%), PE2742 (47.7%), PE3058 (33.4%), 저 linolenicacid 함량을 나타내는 PE594 (4.6%), PE1690 (3.7%)와 고linolenic acid 함량을 나타내는 PE2166 (12.6%) 등이 선발되었다.

Soybean has around 20% oil in total seed compound. Fatty acid concentration of soybean oil is about 12% palmitic acid, 4% stearic acid, 23% oleic acid (ω-9), 54% linoleic acid(ω-6) 54% and 8% linolenic acid(ω-3). To improve oxidative stability and quality of oil, the breeding programs mainly focused on reducing saturated fatty acids, increasing oleic acid and reducing linolenic acid in soybean oil. In plant oil, an essential fatty acid omega-3 fatty acid is in the form of α-linolenic acid (ALA) therefore, increasing ALA in soybean oil became one of the breeding goals for human health. In our research group, we have two breeding programs for concentration of ALA in soybean oil. Wild soybeans have almost twice ALA than that in cultivated soybeans. Introgression of alleles from wild soybean to cultivated soybean may lead to the increase of ALA in soybean seed oil for various applications. We developed several backcross populations by elite cultivars x wild soybean to select high ALA with good agronomic traits. In the case of low linolenic acid program, we developed an EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutation population to select low ALA concentration line and found a mutant line with low ALA in seed oil. The scheme for developing high ALA concentration from wild soybean and molecular characterization for low ALA line will be discussed.

A total area of reclaimed land in Korea is about 135,100 ha, which occupies 9 % of total arable land. Soybean is one of the most important crop in Korea and demand for the crop is increasing, while the country’s self-sufficiency is very low, around 9 %. If it’s possible to cultivate soybean in reclaimed land, it would increase self-sufficiency of the soybean. However, there are difficulties to cultivate soybean in reclaimed land because of excessive level of salinity in the soil, to prevent this barrier in saline soils, it is necessary to develop salt tolerant soybean cultivar. This research was conducted to select salt tolerant lines derived from PI 483463 (salt tolerant wild soybean accession). The F1 (Hutcheson × PI 483463) was backcrossed with Hutcheson and Wooram (salt sensitive soybean cultivar). For marker assisted selection and salt reaction phenotyping, randomly selected BC1F1 seeds from two backcross populations were planted in 11 cm tall tray. At the V1 growth stage, DNA was sampled with FTA card. The genomic DNA and SSR marker, BARCSOYSSR_03_1348, were used for PCR amplification and the result was checked through electrophoresis. The trays with BC1F1 plants were immersed in 100 mM NaCl solution up to the bottom third of the trays directly after the DNA extraction. After two weeks, phenotype was measured depending on leaf scorch degree. Through this research, 25 dominant homozygote lines and 22 heterozygote lines from Hutcheson backcross population and 28 dominant homozygote lines and 37 heterozygote lines from Wooram backcross population were selected. These lines will be used for developing soybean with salt tolerance

Scientific studies have shown that essential fatty acidintake can have a dramatic impact on human health. Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically containsaround 8%linolenic acid (18:3) known as omega-3 fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acid plays an important role to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. Relatively high 18:3 content in seed oil is a trait of the wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) ancestor of modern soybean cultivars. Wild soybean is native to Korean peninsula and recently thousands of wild soybeans collected by soybean researchers in Korea. The objective of this study were to determine the linolenic acid content for wild soybean collection and to determine the stability of linolenic acid content derived from wild soybean over environments. Fatty acid profile for 1,806 wild soybean accessions collected from South Korea was determined by GC. The range of linolenic acid was 7.3 to 23.7% with an average 15.6%. We developed a recombinant inbred population from a cross PI483463 (wild soybean with 15% 18:3) and Hutcheson (cultivar with 8% 18:3). Three RILs, RIL156, RIL159 and RIL166, with high linolenic acid content (over 14%), parents and Williams 82 as checks were grown in nine environments over 2008-2011. Results showed that the content of linolenic acid for the PI483463, Hutcheson, and Williams 82 ranged from 14.8 to 17.1, 8.5 to 9.7, and 6.9 to 8.4 % and averaged 15.4, 9.2 and 8.0%, respectively. However selected RILs 156, 159, and 166 ranged from 10.7 to 15.7, 14 to 15.8, and 14.8 to 15.8, and averaged 13.9, 14.9, and 15.2, respectively. Among the tested accessions, RIL166 was the most stable with the lowest range and CV, and had a relatively lower stability coefficient value than other genotypes. Genes related to high linolenic acid from wild soybean may be useful in developing higher linolenic acid soybean genotypes and would broaden the use of soybean in food applications to improve human nutrition and health.